Use of carbohydrases in corn-soybean meal based grower-finisher pig diets

Abstract

-Four experiments were conducted to determine the effects of carbohydrase (CS) supplements in pig diets on ileal digestibility and ammonia emission. The CS used in this study is composed of the enzymes obtained from Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus oryzae during their fermentation process. The major active enzymes were α-1,6-galactosidase, β-1,4-mannanase, and β-1,4-mannosidase that target flatulence producing compounds in soybean meals. In experience 1 (Exp. 1), 8 cannulated barrows (93.9 ± 2.0 kg) were fed diets with CS supplementation (0.00, 0.05 and 0.10%) in order to measure ileal nutrient digestibility. Ileal digestibilities of lysine, threonine, and tryptophan were improved (P < 0.05) with CS supplements at 0.05% and 0.10%, whereas digestibility of methionine and branched-chain amino acids did not improve. Supplementing 0.05% CS increased (P < 0.05) apparent ileal energy digestibility. In experience 2 (Exp. 2), 100 pigs (24.1 ± 0.6 kg) were fed either a control diet (3 278 Mcal ME per kg diet) or a low-energy diet (3 109 Mcal ME per kg diet) with 0.05% CS for 4-wk. No differences (P > 0.05) were observed for ADG, feed intake, and gain:feed between the pigs fed a low-energy diet with CS and the control during the entire 4-wk. In experience 3 (Exp. 3), 100 pigs (64.1 ± 1.7 kg) were fed either a control diet (3 277 Mcal ME per kg diet) or a low-energy diet (3 168 Mcal ME per kg diet) with 0.05% CS for 4-wk. Barrows fed the diet with CS grew faster and had an increased gain:feed (P < 0.05) than the control, whereas growth rate and gain:feed of the gilts was not improved by CS. In experience 4 (Exp. 4), 60 pigs (23.1 ± 1.7 kg) were fed either a control diet or a 0.05% CS supplemented diet (3 replicates per treatment with 10 pigs per pen). The pigs in each pen were moved to an environmental chamber and aerial ammonia levels were measured for 66 h at 5 min intervals but the first 18-h was regarded as an acclimation period and the last 48-h was regarded as the data collection period. There was no difference (P = 0.436) in the average ammonia concentration between the treatments. However, the increase in ammonia concentration was slower (P < 0.05) from pigs fed 0.05% CS than from pigs fed the control diet. These experiments indicate that the CS supplementation improves nutrient digestibility and could reduce at least 3% of ME in swine diets without adverse effects on growth performance. Résumé -Utilisation des carbohydrases dans les régimes à base de farine de maïs-soja chez le porc en croissance-finition. Quatre expériences ont été conduites pour déterminer les effets de l'addition de carbohydrases (CS) dans l'alimentation des porcs sur la digestibilité iléale des nutriments et l'émission d'ammoniac. Les carbohydrases utilisées dans cette étude ont été des enzymes obtenues à partir d'Aspergillus niger et Aspergillus oryzae durant le processus de fermentation. Les principales enzymes actives étaient l'α-1,6-galactosidase, la β-1,4-mannanase, et la β-1,4-mannosidase qui visent les composés à l'origine de ...

Effects of Supplementation of β-Mannanase in Corn-soybean Meal Diets on Performance and Nutrient Digestibility in Growing Pigs

“…Kim et al (2006), Wang et al (2009), and Ao et al (2010) also reported increases in digestibility as a result of β-mannanase supplementation. In contrast, Pettey et al (2002) reported no change in nutrient digestibility as a result of β-mannanase supplementation.…”

Avaliação nutricional da casca de soja com ou sem complexo enzimático na alimentação de leitões na fase inicial

“…, trabalhando com adição de complexo enzimático (α-1,6-galactosidase, β-1,4-mananase, β-1,4-manosidase) em dietas à base de milho e farelo de soja, e não casca de soja, para leitões na fase inicial (11,05 kg), verificaram diminuição significativa da concentração de rafinose e estaquiose durante a passagem pelo intestino delgado com o uso dessas enzimas. Estudando o efeito do mesmo complexo enzimático sobre a digestibilidade de dietas à base de milho e farelo de soja para suínos, Kim et al (2006) verificaram melhora na digestibilidade ileal da matéria seca e energia bruta com o nível de 0,05% de suplementação enzimática.…”

“…Esse resultado pode estar relacionado à ação do complexo enzimático sobre os oligossacarídeos e PNA presentes na casca de soja e no farelo de soja, que reduzem o desempenho. Esse resultado foi semelhante aos obtidos por , que trabalharam com adição de 0,10% de complexo enzimático (α-1,6-galactosidase, β-1,4-mananase, β-1,4-manosidase) em dietas à base de milho e farelo de soja para leitões com peso inicial médio de 11,05 kg durante um período Kim et al (2006), utilizando complexo enzimático (composto por α-1,6-galactosidase, β-1,4-mananase, β-1,4-manosidase), 0,05%, para suínos com peso médio de 24,1 kg, durante quatro semanas, não observaram efeito sobre o consumo de ração, o ganho de peso e a conversão alimentar. Contudo, esses mesmos autores, utilizando animais mais pesados, com peso médio inicial de 64,1 kg, observaram melhora apenas para o ganho de peso.…”

Fungal β-mannanases: Mannan hydrolysis, heterologous production and biotechnological applications

“…Balancing diets for these animals is challenging since meal supplements high in protein and oils, such as guar, soya, palm and coconut kernel meals cannot be included in large quantities due to detrimental effects, such as poor digestion (sticky droppings) in chicken and flatulence in pigs, due to their inability to degrade or use the mannans or MOS present in these meals [108][109][110]. Treatment of these high mannancontaining meals with ␤-mannanases has shown improved body weight gain in broiler chickens, as well as overcoming flatulence in pigs [109,110].…”