Regeneration and Recycling of Spent Bleaching Earth

Mu, Bin; Wang, Aiqin

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-48281-1_121-1

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 44 publications

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“…SBE is a mixture of clay and oils, which need to be handled carefully because of its flammability. SBE is also a solid waste from oil refining industry with unpleasant odor that usually consists of clay minerals and residual oil (Mu and Wang, 2019;Onoja et al, 2019). Based on the Government Regulation No.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Spent Bleaching Earth Filler-Based NPK Fertilization on Proline, Growth and Yield of Maize

Purba

Irwan

Putra

2019

Caraka Tani J. Sustain. Agric.

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Spent bleaching earth (SBE) is by-product of cooking oil processing industry of crude palm oil (CPO). Palm oil industry is growing every year, followed by population growth and consumption of cooking oil so that the greater volume of waste generates SBE. An innovation is needed to anticipate the problem of SBE waste in agricultural sector, dealing with a filler component in the production of NPK fertilizer additives. This study aims to determine proline response, growth and yield of the maize to fertilization NPK with SBE-based filler. The experiments used Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with the treatments of NPK filler (15:15:15) consisting of BC (brown clay), SBE and DBE (deoiled bleaching earth) at a dose of 6 g polybag<sup>-1</sup>. The results showed that the use of SBE gave the same effect on plant height, leaf number, stem diameter and 100-seed weight, but the use of SBE could increase 61.15% of proline activity. SBE can substitute filler on the additional materials of NPK fertilizer.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Spent Bleaching Earth Filler-Based NPK Fertilization on Proline, Growth and Yield of Maize

Purba

Irwan

Putra

2019

Caraka Tani J. Sustain. Agric.

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Application of regenerated spent bleaching earth as an adsorbent for the carbon dioxide adsorption by gravimetric sorption system

Phey

Abdullah

Ahmad

et al. 2022

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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The atmospheric level of carbon dioxide (CO2) is indicated to be alarming which in turn has contributed to the worldwide environmental issue such as global warming. The goal of this project was to study the adsorption of CO2 onto regenerated spent bleaching earth (RSBE). Spent bleaching earth (SBE) can be a good adsorbent but it has the weakness in surface area due to the organic impurities left in the pores after being generated from the edible oil processing. Thus, the regeneration processes of SBE by (a) direct heat treatment, and (b) heat treatment followed by nitric acid treatment were studied to enhance the surface area, thus increasing the CO2 adsorption capacity. The SBE were calcined at four temperatures of 400, 500, 650 and 800 °C in the regeneration process. The surface properties of RSBE were characterized using Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis. The CO2 adsorption capacity on RSBE produced by heat treatment followed by nitric acid treatment was shown to be more effective than RSBE produced by direct heat treatment. RSBE_500_HNO3 offered highest surface area (192.81 m2/g) and give highest CO2 adsorption capacity of 86.67 mg CO2/g. In comparison to the low pressure condition, the high pressure CO2 adsorption values recorded for both RSBE were significantly better.

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Statistical modeling and optimization of the bleachability of regenerated spent bleaching earth using response surface methodology and artificial neural networks with genetic algorithm

Williams

Akanbi

2022

Chemical Product and Process Modeling

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In this study, the statistical modeling and optimization of the regeneration of spent bleaching earth (SBE) for re-use in the bleaching of crude palm oil (CPO) oil was examined. Having a good model will assist with the successful optimal regeneration of SBE and hence minimize the environmental pollution associated with its current disposal method which is based on dumping as landfills. The SBE samples were de-oiled with the Soxhlet extraction method, using n-hexane for 1 h at 60 °C; treated at temperatures ranging from 300–500 °C; at carbonization time between 30 and 45 min; and with hydrochloric acid concentrations between 1 and 2 M, at a constant stirring time of 30 min, respectively. The operating conditions for the experiment were according to the Central Composite Design (CCD) experimental design using the Design Expert software version 13. The modeling and optimization of the SBE regeneration process was carried out with the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) techniques. Five regression models were developed from the RSM approach and the best one selected based on model selection parameters recommended in the literature. Similarly, ten ANN models with the number of neurons in the hidden layer that varied from 2 to 16 were considered and the best one selected using the mean square error (MSE) and correlation coefficients (R) for the training, validation and testing performances. Results showed that the ANN technique led to a model with a better predictive ability than the RSM one. The optimum experimental bleachability of 71.5% for the regenerated de-oiled SBE was obtained at carbonization temperature of 500 °C, hydrochloric acid concentration of 2M and carbonization time of 45min. Using the Genetic Algorithm (GA), the ANN model resulted in an optimum bleachability of 70.87% with corresponding optimum factors at 468.19 °C, 2 M and 45 min, while the RSM approach gave an optimum bleachability of 73.52% at the corresponding factors of 498.99 °C, 1.57 M and 41.14 min for the carbonization temperature, acid concentration and carbonization time, respectively. The optimum experimental bleachability of the regenerated SBE achieved was 12.5% higher than that of virgin bleaching earth (VBE).

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Regeneration and Recycling of Spent Bleaching Earth

Cited by 3 publications

References 44 publications

The Effect of Spent Bleaching Earth Filler-Based NPK Fertilization on Proline, Growth and Yield of Maize

The Effect of Spent Bleaching Earth Filler-Based NPK Fertilization on Proline, Growth and Yield of Maize

Application of regenerated spent bleaching earth as an adsorbent for the carbon dioxide adsorption by gravimetric sorption system

Statistical modeling and optimization of the bleachability of regenerated spent bleaching earth using response surface methodology and artificial neural networks with genetic algorithm

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