Reframing an Obvious Police Problem: Discovery, Analysis and Response to a Manufactured Problem in a Small City

Zidar, Michael S; Shafer, Jillian; Eck, John E.

doi:10.1093/police/pax085

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This switch resulted in the omission of 17 weeks of data, possibly leading to bias in the analysis. Zidar et al ( 2017 ) suggested that the significant decline in reported shoplifting incidents indicated by their evaluation may have been the result of under‐reporting rather than true changes in the outcome. The intervention involved the implementation of a new reporting system for target Walmarts only.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zidar, M. S., Shafer, J. G., & Eck, J. E. ( 2017 ). Reframing an obvious police problem: Discovery, analysis and response to a manufactured problem in a small city.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Partly as a result of this, Dario ( 2016 ) expressed concern over treatment dosage, noting that treatment quality likely varied by store location due, in part, to differing levels of responsiveness. In their attempted intervention with Walmart management, Zidar et al ( 2017 ) also reported resistance toward environmental and policy‐oriented intervention measures. This resistance dictated the future direction of the program, as the initial plan to partner with Walmart seemed futile.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of note, four of these studies are Goldstein Award submissions, and while they do not report substantial concern over the comparability of the units, there are clear threats to internal validity caused by the use of such comparisons. There were another five studies that compared treatment units to the remainder of a population not receiving treatment, but where the size discrepancy between the groups was not as large (Baker & Wolfer, 2003 ; Elliott, 2007 ; San Angelo Police Department, 2006 ; Zidar et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Problem‐oriented policing for reducing crime and disorder: An updated systematic review and meta‐analysis

Hinkle

Weisburd

Telep

et al. 2020

Campbell Systematic Reviews

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Background Herman Goldstein developed problem‐oriented policing (POP) to focus police on more proactively addressing chronic problems, rather than using traditional reactive efforts. POP has been utilized to target a wide range of problems and has become commonly used in agencies across the United States and the world, although implementation is often uneven. POP interventions commonly use the SARA (scanning, analysis, response, assessment) model to identify problems, carefully analyze the conditions contributing to the problem, develop a tailored response to target these underlying factors, and evaluate outcome effectiveness. Objectives To extend and update the findings of the original POP systematic review by synthesizing the findings of published and unpublished evaluations of POP through December 2018 to assess its overall impacts on crime and disorder. The review also examined impacts of POP on crime displacement, police financial costs, and noncrime outcomes. Search Methods Searches using POP keywords of the Global Policing Database at the University of Queensland were conducted to identify published and unpublished evaluations between 2006 and 2018. We supplemented these searches with forward searches, hand searches of leading journals and the Center for Problem‐Oriented Policing, and consultation with experts. Selection Criteria Eligible studies had to include a target area or group that received a POP intervention AND a control area/group that received standard police services. The control condition could be either experimental or quasi‐experimental. Units of analysis could be places or people. We defined POP as studies that generally followed the tenets of the SARA model. Data Collection and Analysis We identified 39 new (published between 2006 and 2018) studies that met our eligibility criteria as an evaluation of POP. Twenty‐four of these studies had sufficient data available to calculate an effect size. Along with the 10 studies from our initial systematic review of POP, these 34 studies are included in our meta‐analytic review of POP. Nine of these studies were randomized experiments and 25 were quasi‐experiments. We calculated effect sizes for each study using Cohen's D and relative incidence risk ratios and used random effects meta‐analyses to synthesize studies. Results Our meta‐analyses suggest statistically significant impacts of POP. Our relative incident risk ratio analysis of mean effects suggests a 33.8% reduction in crime/disorder in the POP treatment areas/groups relative to the controls. We find no evidence of significant crime displacement as a result of POP and some evidence for a greater likelihood of a diffusion of crime control benefits. Few studies assessed noncrime outcomes, but our narrative review suggests POP is cost‐effective, but has limited impacts on fear of crime, legitimacy, and collective efficacy. Authors’ Conclusions Our review provides strong and consistent evidence that POP is an effective strategy for reducing crime and disorder. There is a great deal of he...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zidar, M. S., Shafer, J. G., & Eck, J. E. ( 2017 ). Reframing an obvious police problem: Discovery, analysis and response to a manufactured problem in a small city.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Problem‐oriented policing for reducing crime and disorder: An updated systematic review and meta‐analysis

Hinkle

Weisburd

Telep

et al. 2020

Campbell Systematic Reviews

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“…It could involve creating vacant property receivership legislation to force owners to rehabilitate vacant buildings or risk losing them altogether (Kelly Jr., 2004). We could also compel corporate businesses to change shoplifting policies to address disproportionate amounts of crime being generated at single store locations (Zidar et al, 2018). Municipalities can also enact policies that encourage responsible place management practices and discourage undesirable ones.…”

Section: Policy Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whose 'Eyes on the Street' Control Crime?

Linning

Eck

2021

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Jane Jacobs coined the phrase 'eyes on the street' to depict those who maintain order in cities. Most criminologists assume these eyes belong to residents. In this Element we show that most of the eyes she described belonged to shopkeepers and property owners. They, along with governments, wield immense power through property ownership and regulation. From her work, we propose a Neo-Jacobian perspective to reframe how crime is connected to neighborhood function through deliberate decision-making at places. It advances three major turning points for criminology. This includes turns from: 1. residents to place managers as the primary source of informal social control; 2. ecological processes to outsiders' deliberate actions that create crime opportunities; and 3. a top-down macro- to bottom-up micro-spatial explanation of crime patterns. This perspective demonstrates the need for criminology to integrate further into economics, political science, urban planning, and history to improve crime control policies.

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Situational Crime Prevention: Theory, Practice and Evidence

Eck

Clarke

2019

Handbooks of Sociology and Social Research

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Reframing an Obvious Police Problem: Discovery, Analysis and Response to a Manufactured Problem in a Small City

Cited by 8 publications

References 17 publications

Problem‐oriented policing for reducing crime and disorder: An updated systematic review and meta‐analysis

Problem‐oriented policing for reducing crime and disorder: An updated systematic review and meta‐analysis

Whose 'Eyes on the Street' Control Crime?

Situational Crime Prevention: Theory, Practice and Evidence

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