Reforms and Counter-Reforms in Bolivia

Abstract

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The Making of Policy: Institutionalized or Not?

“…Regional organizations and regional governments have also acquired a significant leverage in the policymaking process. Congress has also experienced a 38 This section draws extensively from Jemio, Candia and Evio (2009), Lehoucq (2008), and Evia, Laserna, and Skaperdas (2008). Actually, the connection between this paper and the Bolivian evidence runs both ways: it was our reading of the Bolivian experience what gave us the final push to write the paper.…”

“…All this complex process which we have very sketchily and selectively described (we refer the reader to Jemio, Candia and Evio, 2009;Lehoucq, 2008, andEvia, Laserna andSkaperdas, 2008, for much richer treatments and further references), is not without costs. Among the various costs and threats that the Bolivian polity faces in its current state, we highlight one of particular relevance for the general point of this paper: these new arenas are far worse than others for internalizing long-term agreements and objectives.…”

Political Institutions and Street Protests in Latin America

“…Case studies of policymaking in Argentina(Urbiztondo et al, 2009), Bolivia(Jemio, Candia and Evio, 2009) and Ecuador (MejíaAcosta et al, 2008) reveal an important role of street protests in the making of policy in those countries. This contrasts with the account of policymaking in places like Chile(Aninat et al, 2008 and or Brazil(Alston et al, 2008 and where protests seem to be far less general and less influential in the making of policy.…”

“…The last decade, however, has witnessed a resurgence of protest activity but to varying degrees of intensity and political relevance across countries. In places like Argentina (Urbiztondo et al 2009), Bolivia (Jemio, Candia, and Evio 2009), Ecuador (Mejía Acosta et al 2008), and Peru, street protests have become a very salient and meaningful way to achieve certain political objectives and to express policy demands. In other cases, like Chile and Brazil, protests are more sporadic and far less relevant to policymaking in general.…”

Political Institutions and Street Protests in Latin America

“…Case studies of policymaking in Argentina(Urbiztondo et al, 2009), Bolivia(Jemio, Candia and Evio, 2009) and Ecuador(Mejía Acosta et al, 2008) reveal an important role of street protests in the making of policy in those countries. This contrasts with the account of policymaking in places like Chile(Aninat et al, 2008 and or Brazil(Alston et al, 2008 and where protests seem to be far less general and less influential in the making of policy.…”