Reforestation practice for enhancement of ecosystem services on a compacted surface mine: Path toward ecosystem recovery

Evans, Daniel M.; Zipper, Carl E.; Burger, James A.; Strahm, Brian D.; Villamagna, Amy M.

doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2012.12.065

Cited by 81 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…However in some cases restoration of soil quality could occur faster than the vegetation community (Parrotta and Knowles, 1999;Silva et al, 2013). The selection and the number of species to be planted (Parrotta and Knowles, 1999;Rodrigues et al, 2009), the use of organic residues, conditioners (such as biosolid, ash or top soil), lime and/or fertilizers (Fortes, 2000;Bendfeldt et al, 2001;Reis, 2006;Shrestha and Lal, 2006;Wick et al, 2013;Silva et al, 2013) or even the planting method (direct seeding or use of seedlings) are factors that may accelerate biomass accumulation in different compartments of the recovering ecosystem, as well as soil C sequestration and the return of certain ecological soil functions (Camargo et al, 2002;Parrotta and Knowles, 2001;Reis, 2006;Banning et al, 2008;Kanowski and Catterall, 2010;Evans et al, 2013;Silva et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Stocks in Mined Area Reclaimed by Leguminous Trees and Sludge

et al. 2018

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-Few studies have been carried out on aboveground (or belowground) and soil/substrate C accumulation in severely degraded areas, such as mined areas. The present study was developed in order to find a recovery strategy for a mined area and characterize its potential for C sequestration by planting two nitrogen-fixing Brazilian tree species (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth and M. bimucronata (DC.) O. Kuntze). Sewage sludge was included in the experimental design. An experiment under randomized block condition and 2 x 5 factorial design with four replications were defined and carried out, in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. The treatments consisted of a combination of both tree species and five sewage sludge doses (0, 2.85; 5.70; ). M. caesalpiniifolia grows better (p<0.05) in reclaimed areas than M. bimucronata, even though neither the height nor the basal area of both species responded to the sludge application. Carbon stock in the tree trunks differ between species (27.3 and 14.3 Mg ha -1 , for M. caesalpinifolia and M. bimucronata, respectively), and was influenced by the doses of sewage sludge, whereas the soil carbon stock (0-10 cm) did not differ between species and doses (12.0 and 12.2 Mg ha -1 , for M. caesalpiniifolia and M. bimucronata, respectively). Soil fertility in the degraded site was found to be improved by legume trees six years after planting, with a small influence of the sewage sludge level. Mined areas recovered with legume trees can sequestrate significant amounts of C both in aboveground biomass and soil in a short period of time.Keywords: Soil carbon and nutrients accretion; Reclamation of soil; Aboveground biomass accumulation. (0, 2,85; 5,70; 11,40 e 22, ESTOQUE DE CARBONO EM ÁREAS DE MINERAÇÃO RECUPERADA COM LEGUMINOSAS ARBÓREAS E LODO RESUMO -Poucos estudos foram conduzidos em relação à acumulação de C na parte aérea (ou subterrânea) e solo/substrato em áreas severamente degradadas, como áreas mineradas. O presente estudo foi desenvolvido para encontrar uma estratégia de recuperação para uma área minerada e caracterizar o seu potencial de sequestro de C a partir do plantio de duas espécies de árvores brasileiras que fixam nitrogênio do ar (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth e M. bimucronata (DC) O. Kuntze). Lodo de esgoto foi incluído no desenho experimental. Assim, um experimento em delineamento em blocos ao acaso e esquema fatorial 2 x 5 e quatro repetições foi instalado no estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Os tratamentos consistiram em uma combinação de duas espécies arbóreas e cinco doses de lodo de esgoto

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Stocks in Mined Area Reclaimed by Leguminous Trees and Sludge

et al. 2018

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“…When E. umbellata is present on the site prior to planting native species it may overtop and outcompete vegetation, including trees [32]. Decreased restorative success was attributed to the presence of E. umbellata of a native tree planting on a brush removed, compacted, surface mine in Virginia, USA [33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Previous Land Use and Invasive Species Impacts on Long-term Afforestation Success

Nickelson

Holzmueller

Groninger

et al. 2015

Forests

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Abstract:The conversion of agricultural lands to forests has increased worldwide over the past few decades for multiple reasons including increasing forest connectivity and wildlife habitat. However, previous land cover and competing vegetation often impede afforestation. We established 219 plots in 29 Quercus plantations on four previous land cover types (LCT): Clover, Soybeans, Woody Brush, and Herbaceous Weeds. Plantations were located in Illinois, USA and were sampled 15-18 years after planting. Sampling data for all trees (planted and volunteer) included species, diameter, and vine presence on the main bole of the tree. Free-to-grow status was recorded for all Quercus species and estimated cover of two invasive species, Elaeagnus umbellata and Lonicera japonica, was documented on each plot. There was a strong relationship between total tree density and invasive species cover across all sites. Stocking success was lower and E. umbellata cover was higher on Woody Brush sites compared to Clover and Soybean cover types. Additionally, significantly more free-to-grow Quercus saplings occurred in Clover and Soybean cover types compared to the Woody Brush sites. The results indicate that previous land cover plays a critical role in forest afforestation. Furthermore, while historically, OPEN ACCESSForests 2015, 6 3124 volunteer tree species were thought to be detrimental to the development of planted species these results suggest that with the increasing prevalence of invasive species worldwide the role of volunteer species in afforestation should be reconsidered and silvicultural protocols adjusted accordingly.

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“…Reforestation of a Wise County, Virginia, legacy mine was compromised by failure to control autumn olive effectively (Evans et al, 2013). Autumn olive was present on the parts of the mine site prior to reforestation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, huge tracks of land which were reclaimed after passage of SMCRA using earlier reclamation practices are frozen in ecological succession and are called legacy mine sites . Research is being conducted on methods that can be used to convert legacy mines into native hardwood forest (Evans et al, 2013;Fields-Johnson et al, 2014) One factor that significantly influences the cost and success of reforestation on legacy mine sites is the invasive species Elaeagnus umbellata, commonly known as autumn olive, autumn berry, or Japanese silverberry. It is a deciduous shrub native to Japan and Northeastern Asia which can grow up to 5 m tall and 6 m wide but is often smaller (Black et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying woody vegetation on coal surface mines using phenological indicators with multitemporal Landsat imagery

Wynne

Donovan

et al. 2014

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.

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Commission VI, WG VI/4KEY WORDS: Afforestation, Ecosystem Recovery, Elaeagnus umbellata, Landsat, Land Cover Change, Mine Reclamation, Exotic Plants ABSTRACT:Surface mining for coal has disturbed large land areas in the Appalachian Mountains. Better information on mined lands' ecosystem recovery status is necessary for effective environmental management in mining-impacted regions. Because record quality varies between state mining agencies and much mining occurred prior to widespread use of geospatial technologies, accurate maps of mining extents, durations, and land cover effects are often not available. Landsat data are well suited to mapping and characterizing land cover and forest recovery on former coal surface mines. Past mine reclamation techniques have often failed to restore premining forest vegetation but natural processes may enable native forests to re-establish on mined areas with time. However, the invasive species autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellate) is proliferating widely on former coal surface mines, often inhibiting reestablishment of native forests. Autumn olive outcompetes native vegetation because it fixes atmospheric nitrogen and benefits from a longer growing season than native deciduous trees. This longer growing season, along with Landsat 8's high signal to noise ratio, has enabled species-level classification of autumn olive using multitemporal Landsat 8 data at accuracy levels usually only obtainable using higher spatial or spectral resolution sensors. We have used classification and regression tree (CART ® ) and support vector machine (SVM) to classify five counties in the coal mining region of Virginia for presence and absence of autumn olive. The best model found was a CART ® model with 36 nodes which had an overall accuracy of 84% and kappa of 0.68. Autumn olive had conditional kappa of 0.65 and a producers and users accuracy of 86% and 83% respectively. The best SVM model used a second order polynomial kernel and had an overall accuracy of 77%, an overall kappa of 0.54 and a producers and users accuracy of 60% and 90% respectively.

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Reforestation practice for enhancement of ecosystem services on a compacted surface mine: Path toward ecosystem recovery

Cited by 81 publications

References 47 publications

Carbon Stocks in Mined Area Reclaimed by Leguminous Trees and Sludge

Carbon Stocks in Mined Area Reclaimed by Leguminous Trees and Sludge

Previous Land Use and Invasive Species Impacts on Long-term Afforestation Success

Identifying woody vegetation on coal surface mines using phenological indicators with multitemporal Landsat imagery

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