Reflex seizures and reflex epilepsies: Old models for understanding mechanisms of epileptogenesis

Striano, Salvatore; Coppola, Antonietta; Gaudio, Luigi Del; Striano, Pasquale

doi:10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2012.01.013

Cited by 65 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Music-induced seizures are generally considered complex reflex seizures because the latency between the beginning of the music and the seizure appearance is usually long (of the order of minutes). 10 This was not the case in our patient because the latency was as short as 5 seconds, suggesting that a simple component of the music, which can be perceived without complicated higher-order processing in the brain, triggered the seizures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Musicogenic seizures in Dravet syndrome

Sánchez-Carpintero

Urrestarazu

2013

Develop Med Child Neuro

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Dravet syndrome is an epileptic encephalopathy characterized by multiple types of seizures. We report the first case of musicogenic reflex seizures in a 7‐year‐old male with a mutation in the SCN1A gene causing Dravet syndrome. Reflex seizures have been reported in patients with Dravet syndrome provoked by body temperature elevation, looking at visual patterns, or under intermittent photic stimulation. The case we report widens the spectrum of reflex seizures recorded in patients with Dravet syndrome. Cortical hyperexcitability of genetic origin could explain the tendency of these patients to experience reflex seizures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Musicogenic seizures in Dravet syndrome

Sánchez-Carpintero

Urrestarazu

2013

Develop Med Child Neuro

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“…Epileptic seizures are known to be induced in some patients by flickering lights and color patterns, reading, language, movement, thinking, decision making, tapping and touching, and related stress [38]. Extensive observations show the frequent occurrence of provoked seizures in malformations of cortical development and in recently defined conditions such as familial or sporadic lateral temporal epilepsy [39]. However the mechanism that causes reflex epilepsy is not clear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Cortical Activation during Mahjong Game Play in a Video Game Setting and a Real-life Setting

Fujimori¹,

Terasawa²,

Murata³

et al. 2015

Biochem Anal Biochem

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The purpose of this study was to compare the hemodynamic changes that occur during Mahjong game play in virtual and real-life settings. Fourteen healthy right-handed men (average age ± standard deviation; 36.7 ± 14.9 years) played: 1) a Mahjong solitaire game on a video console against virtual rivals; 2) a Mahjong game against human opponents without conversation; and 3) a Mahjong game against human opponents with conversation. We measured oxygenated hemoglobin concentration at 44 locations over both hemispheres during Mahjong game play in each setting using near-infrared spectroscopy. The increase in oxygenated hemoglobin concentration at several locations, including Broca's area, the somatosensory cortex, the somatosensory association cortex, the supramarginal gyrus part of Wernicke's area, the primary and auditory association cortex, the angular gyrus part of Wernicke's area, and the associative visual cortex was greater during game play in the real-life settings than during game play in the video game setting. There were no significant differences during game play in real-life settings without and with conversation. Each cortical area correlated with broad or specific areas. The common correlation areas were found at Angular gyrus part of Wernicke's area of left hemisphere during real-life settings without and with conversation, but not during game play in a video game setting. These results suggest that the brain responds differently to game play in real world and virtual world settings, and indicate that comparison of games played in the virtual world and the real world may be an effective model to enhance understanding of the effects of video game on the brain.

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“…However, most of the major antiepileptic drugs in clinical use are ineffective in suppressing the seizures. On the other hand, bearing some similarities in triggering factors and manifestations of the seizures in patients with eating-evoked epilepsy, convulsions in fasted animals may provide insight into the mechanism of this rare and partially controlled form of reflex epilepsy (Senanayake 1994;Guimaraes et al 2005;Striano et al 2012). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Antimuscarinic-induced convulsions in fasted animals after food intake: evaluation of the effects of levetiracetam, topiramate and different doses of atropine

Büget

Türkmen

Allahverdiyev

et al. 2015

Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol

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This study evaluated the effects of different doses of atropine and new antiepileptics, levetiracetam and topiramate, on the development of convulsions triggered by food intake in antimuscarinic-treated fasted animals. Mice deprived of food for 24 h and treated i.p. with atropine at a dose of 2.4 or 24 mg/kg developed convulsions after being allowed to eat ad libitum. No convulsions were observed in fasted animals treated with 0.24 mg/kg atropine. There was no difference in the incidence of convulsions between the two atropine treatments, but latency to convulsions was longer in 24 mg/kg atropine treated animals. The lowest dose of atropine, 0.24 mg/kg, caused stage 1 and stage 2 activity, but did not provide the convulsive endpoint (stage 3, 4, 5 activity). Administration of levetiracetam (50 or 200 mg/kg) or topiramate (50 or 100 mg/kg) to another group of 24-h fasted mice was ineffective in reducing the incidence of convulsions developed in the animals after 2.4 mg/kg atropine treatment and food intake. However, the higher dose of levetiracetam prolonged the onset of convulsions. Present results demonstrated the efficacy of low and high doses of atropine on the development of convulsions in fasted animals and provided additional evidence for the ineffectiveness of antiepileptic treatment in these seizures.

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Reflex seizures and reflex epilepsies: Old models for understanding mechanisms of epileptogenesis

Cited by 65 publications

References 63 publications

Musicogenic seizures in Dravet syndrome

Musicogenic seizures in Dravet syndrome

Comparison of Cortical Activation during Mahjong Game Play in a Video Game Setting and a Real-life Setting

Antimuscarinic-induced convulsions in fasted animals after food intake: evaluation of the effects of levetiracetam, topiramate and different doses of atropine

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