Reflex Influences in the Pathogenesis of Epilepsy in the Light of Clinical Statistics

Servít, Z; Machek, J.; Stercova, A; D, Dudas; Kristof, M; Cervenkova, V

doi:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1962.tb06171.x

Cited by 25 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…For example, some epileptics have their seizures when startled; some when anxious or tired; and yet others may have seizures most frequently during arithmetic lessons at school. In a recent survey of nearly 900 epileptic patients of all ages (Servit et al 1962) it was reported by 420/0 that special circumstances were associated with the occurrence of their seizures. In 5 O/o of cases these were specific visual, auditory and somatosensory stimuli; but in 37 O/O the activating factors were described as unspecific or complex.…”

Section: (1) the Effect Of Attentive Factors Upon Bioelectric Paroxysmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF BRAIN ACTIVITY AND BEHAVIOUR IN CHILDREN WITH “MINOR” SEIZURES¹

Hutt

1972

Epilepsia

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RESUME Ce travail démontre que les troubles bioélectriques peuvent être traités comme des variables dépendantes ou indépendantes. On a observé que des changements systématiques dans la difficulté du test pouvaient modifier de façon significative l'activité bioélectrique paroxystique de l'EEG; inversement, l'activité bioélectrique était susceptible de modifier les performances. En changeant systématiquement les paramètres de chaque test, on devrait donc arriver à réaliser un ensemble de conditions dans lesquelles les troubles bioélectriques seraient minimes et les performances optimales. Les effets des troubles bioélectriques peuvent être exactement formulés en termes de théorie d'information. Les crises ← mineures → semblent réduire la capacité de l'enfant à utiliser les informations. Ainsi, pour mettre en évidence les conséquences d'une anomalie bioélectrique lorsque les manifestations comportementales sont minimes, on doit faire réaliser à l'enfant un test dont la difficulté se rapproche de ses capacités maximum. Le matériel présenté est tiré de l'étude d'un petit nombre de cas et de procédés qui sont encore, en grande partie, à l'état expérimental. Les résultats, leur interprétation et leur implication doivent en conséquence être considérés avec prudence. On souhaite cependant que le matériel donne lieu à des hypothèses et à des méthodes de travail fructueuses.

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Section: (1) the Effect Of Attentive Factors Upon Bioelectric Paroxysmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF BRAIN ACTIVITY AND BEHAVIOUR IN CHILDREN WITH “MINOR” SEIZURES¹

Hutt

1972

Epilepsia

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“…The uniformity of the factors which induce the attacks and of their effects, both in the present patient and in subjects with tonic seizures only, enabled us to assume a reflex (in a broad sense) mechanism of the seizures (7,15,16,18). Stretched muscles may provide a sensory stimulus giving rise to afferent impulses; the possible part played by the activity of cortical and subcortical centres, closely associated with the initiation of an abrupt voluntary movement (10) should also be taken into consideration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Unusual Case of Epilepsy with Akinetic and Tonic Seizures induced by Movement

Dowzenko¹,

Zielinski²

1966

Epilepsia

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CASE REPORTA case of an extremely rare form of reflex epilepsy is patient H.C., 22 years old, female, born at full term; delivery was normal. Her development has been normal. She has had no severe disease or head injury in her history; and started to menstruate at the age of 15. At age 16 she had two typical grand ma1 seizures with tongue biting. Since the age of 18 years she has been suffering from attacks of a sudden weakening of the extremities occurring always at the initial phase of any kind of rapid locomotor movement, particularly when following rest. Arising rapidly from a chair, starting suddenly to walk or to dance, or even abruptly increasing the pace of movement may induce the attack. With the onset of the seizure the patient has an ill-defined sensation, lasting only a fraction of a second, described as a feeling of stiffness or tension at first in one leg and then extending to one side of the body. This is followed by the weakness of the extremities of the same side. The leg becomes powerless as if it were of "cotton wool" or "sponge"; the upper extremity becomes limp. Sometimes the seizure is more severe, irivolving one upper and both lower extremities and causing a fall which is not abrupt since the weakness develops gradually. The weakness quickly disappears and then the patient is able to stand up and continue her .walk. The duration of the whole attack does not exceed several seconds. If the attack is less severe the patient does not fall, but leans toward the opposite, uninvolved side. The abortive form of the attack consists only of the feeling of "spasm" in one leg. Both sides of the body may be alternately involved, although seizures of the right side are more frequent, and the patient is not able to tell what it depends on.She has never lost consciousness nor hurt herself when falling. She has usually up to a dozen fits daily; initially they were less frequent. They occur more often before the menstrual period and also if the patient fails to take her anticonvulsive drugs.Movement of gradually inc:easing speed is not likely to induce the seizure; emotional stimuli, even very intense ones never provoke them.At the ward, several seizures were observed which were induced by the patient's rising rapidly from a chair on order, and their appearance was in accordance with the description given above. 7 (1 966) 233-237 Epilepsia,

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“…Although difficult to assess, there is little doubt that psychological and physical distress may increase the likelihood of epileptic seizures in patients who have no evidence of experiencing any pseudoseizures 1 . According to Servit et al 10 , the greatest seizure activating effect was produced by neurotogenic or conflicting situations which increased the seizure frequency in 22% of their patients. The few attempts which have been undertaken to use these observations for therapeutic purposes have been reviewed by Dahl 17 and Fenwick 16 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Non-specific factors increasing seizure susceptibility are more difficult to assess. Servit et al 10 identified, in approximately 40% of a group of 895 adult patients, one or more activating or inhibitory stimuli which substantially influenced the number of attacks. These comprised both specific and non-specific stimuli.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possibilities of non-pharmacological conservative treatment of epilepsy

Wolf

Okujava

1999

Seizure

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This study set out to assess the effect of non-pharmacological conservative (NPC) interventions as alternatives to antiepileptic pharmacotherapy. A prospective follow-up cohort study was conducted in an outpatient seizure clinic of a referral center for epilepsy. Twenty-five patients (nine males, 16 females) aged 16-45, with at least two well-described epileptic seizures, were included who had rejected antiepileptic pharmacotherapy. Twelve had idiopathic generalized epilepsy, 11 had symptomatic or cryptogenic localization-related epilepsy, and two had epilepsy with generalized and focal signs. Twenty-three of the patients were followed for more than 2 years. The patients were treated with arrest after focal seizure onset (2 cases), sensory protection against reflex seizures (3 cases), avoidance of non-specific seizure-precipitating factors ('life hygiene', 16 cases), and/or miscellaneous interventions (8 cases). The main outcome measures were complete seizure control (more than 2 years) or sufficient improvement to continue with NPC treatment alone. Eight of the 23 patients were completely seizure free for more than 4 years, and three were sufficiently improved to continue NPC treatment without drugs. Trends were observed for patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsies with less than seven convulsive seizures, and with only one seizure type to respond better to NPC treatment. The duration of epilepsy, and the finding of generalized epileptiform discharge in the EEG had no influence on the outcome. Rational NPC treatments which are aimed at specific factors in the precipitation and development of epileptic seizures can be useful therapeutic alternatives for patients with milder forms of epilepsy. Apart from photosensitive patients, those most likely to profit are patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy, a maximum of six generalized tonic-clonic seizures which were precipitated by lack of sleep or excessive alcohol intake, and with no or rare concomitant absences. In such cases, NPC treatment may be as effective as pharmacotherapy and gives the patient a positive experience of regained self-control.

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Reflex Influences in the Pathogenesis of Epilepsy in the Light of Clinical Statistics

Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF BRAIN ACTIVITY AND BEHAVIOUR IN CHILDREN WITH “MINOR” SEIZURES¹

EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF BRAIN ACTIVITY AND BEHAVIOUR IN CHILDREN WITH “MINOR” SEIZURES¹

Unusual Case of Epilepsy with Akinetic and Tonic Seizures induced by Movement

Possibilities of non-pharmacological conservative treatment of epilepsy

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Reflex Influences in the Pathogenesis of Epilepsy in the Light of Clinical Statistics

Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF BRAIN ACTIVITY AND BEHAVIOUR IN CHILDREN WITH “MINOR” SEIZURES1

EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF BRAIN ACTIVITY AND BEHAVIOUR IN CHILDREN WITH “MINOR” SEIZURES1

Unusual Case of Epilepsy with Akinetic and Tonic Seizures induced by Movement

Possibilities of non-pharmacological conservative treatment of epilepsy

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF BRAIN ACTIVITY AND BEHAVIOUR IN CHILDREN WITH “MINOR” SEIZURES¹

EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF BRAIN ACTIVITY AND BEHAVIOUR IN CHILDREN WITH “MINOR” SEIZURES¹