Reflective-Type Phase Shifters for Multiple-Antenna Transceivers

Abstract

A 10.5-GHz reflective-type phase shifter (RTPS) using resonant loads with L-match impedance transformation (RLT) is implemented in a 0.25-m SiGe BiCMOS process. A 2.4-GHz RTPS with RLT loads is also integrated in 0.18-m CMOS; it employs a negative resistance (NR) technique to reduce the loss by 5.9 dB compared to a conventional design that is also implemented. Several other 2.4-GHz reflective loads are fabricated in 0. 18-m CMOS including a Y-shaped dual RLT (DRLT).A transformation converts it from a Y-shape to a 1-shape and enables use of the NR technique in an RTPS with DRLT loads, wherein the loss is reduced by 10 dB and the phase shift range is increased to over 360 .Index Terms-Multiple-antenna transceivers, negative-resistance, reflective load, reflective-type phase shifter (RTPS), Y-1 impedance conversion.

High-speed adaptive RF phased array

“…Phase tunability can be extended by cascading more sections, however, matching between the passive elements is then, usually, required in order to maintain the desired response. The same issues hold for distributed varactor-loaded transmission lines [8] and reflective-type phase shifters [9], [10]. Furthermore, it should be noted that for discrete implementations of such phase shifters the control range of the varactors is usually extremely high, whereas for their integrated versions, the low voltage tuning range comes at the expense of limited resolution and higher phase noise.…”

Hybrid RF and Digital Beamformer for Cellular Networks: Algorithms, Microwave Architectures, and Measurements

“…Tunable RF beamformer architectures with reduced number of RF chains have been previously proposed for low-power receivers fully implemented in Silicon [11,12,25]. However, the power levels of such designs are much lower than the power levels required in cellular base-stations, which can easily exceed 47 dBm.…”

A 24GHz reflective-type phase shifter with constant loss in 0.18μm CMOS technology

“…Of course, the CMOS varactors generally have low tuning range [15,16], which significantly limits the range of phase-shift. By increasing complexity of the reflective loads, generally using resonant networks [5,7,11], achievable range of phase-shift is increased. However, the use of large spiral inductors in such resonant networks significantly increases the loss and the chip size.…”

“…There are various topologies of RF phase shifters including vector modulator-based, distributed (traveling-wave), switched-filter, switched-line, and reflective-type [7,8]. An active vector modulator phase shifter provides high gain and high phase accuracy.…”

“…An active vector modulator phase shifter provides high gain and high phase accuracy. However, active phase shifters generally consume high DC power and have complex digital control circuits [7,9]. In comparison with active phase shifters, passive phase shifters have better noise characteristic, simpler circuitry, lower control complexity, and better linearity without DC power consuming [7,10,11].…”