Reflecting on Health Inequities in a Global Pandemic: The Need for Disability-Conscious Public Health Strategies

Smeltz, Lydia; Carpenter, Sandra L

doi:10.2105/ajph.2021.306666

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…9 People with disabilities have historically been mistreated in health care, as evidenced by forced sterilization laws (upheld by Buck v Bell), institutionalization, and, most recently, the distribution of resources during the COVID-19 pandemic. 33,34 Continuing to teach this information without behavioral and structural change is wrong. We have an ethical imperative to foster disability humility and better serve our disabled patients, 35 and that duty starts with critically revamping the way we teach disability from the moment medical students begin their health care education.…”

Section: Cultivating Humilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspiring to Disability Consciousness in Health Professions Training

2024

AMA Journal of Ethics

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Lack of disability-competent health care contributes to inequitable health outcomes for the largest minoritized population in the world: persons with disabilities. Health care professionals hold implicit and explicit bias against disabled people and report receiving inadequate disability training. While disability competence establishes a baseline standard of care, health professional educators must prepare a disability conscious workforce by challenging ableist assumptions and promoting holistic understanding of persons with disabilities. Future clinicians must recognize disability as an aspect of diversity, express respect for disabled patients, and demonstrate flexibility about how to care for disabled patients' needs. These skills are currently undervalued in medical training, specifically. This article describes how integrating disability consciousness into health professions training can improve health equity for patients with disabilities.

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Section: Cultivating Humilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspiring to Disability Consciousness in Health Professions Training

2024

AMA Journal of Ethics

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“…The disparate death-making of the COVID-19 pandemic ( 1 , 2 ) brought to mainstream public health consciousness the devastating impact of disability-based discrimination in public health preparedness schemes, clinical decision making, institutional care arrangements, and other domains. This consciousness raising can be indexed by the spike in essays published in public health journals that highlight barriers, stigma, and social norms that adversely impact access to healthcare and constrain the life chances of disabled people ( 3 – 6 ). Alongside these commentaries, researchers have made further calls for public health as a field to explicitly recognize disabled people as a group whose marginalization warrants attention in eliminating health disparities and realizing equitable health outcomes ( 7 , 8 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The study of ableism in population health: a critical review

Mannor,

Needham

2024

Front. Public Health

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Over the past three decades, health equity has become a guiding framework for documenting, explaining, and informing the promotion of population health. With these developments, scholars have widened public health’s aperture, bringing systems of oppression sharply into focus. Additionally, some researchers in disability and health have advocated for utilizing socially grounded frameworks to investigate the health of disabled people. Yet, naming ableism, much less operationalizing it for the empirical study of health, remains scant. This paper critically reviews the study of ableism as a social determinant of disabled people’s health within population health research. First, we provide an orientation to the present state of this literature by looking to the past. We briefly trace a history of traditional approaches to studying disability and health and alternatives that have emerged from critiques of the individualized lens that has dominated this work. Next, we delineate the operation of ableism across social levels. We characterize how ableism has been studied in population health in terms of levels of analysis (intrapersonal, interpersonal, institutional, and structural) and measures of interest. To conclude, we discuss hinderances to and promising avenues toward population health research that advances health equity for disabled people.

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Urban landscape pattern mainly drives the early epidemic distribution of dengue fever in Hangzhou, China

Zhao,

Sun,

et al. 2024

Landsc Ecol

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Context A new dengue fever (DF) epidemic in Hangzhou, China has placed a serious burden on the urban sustainable development. However, the key drivers of DF epidemic are still unclear, especially the effects of urban landscape patterns. Objectives In the present study, the spatial relationships between DF epidemic and urban landscape attributes in Hangzhou were investigated based on the framework and approach of landscape epidemiology. Methods The landscape indices of green space, waterbody, and built-up area were calculated based on land cover and land use (LULC) data. Population density, road density, GDP, and property price were used to represent socioeconomic conditions. The densities of social gathering places (SGPs) such as restaurants, malls, services, entertainment, traditional markets, and parks were recorded. A geographically weighted zero-inflated poisson regression (GWZIPR) model was applied to analyze the effects of LULC patterns, socioeconomic conditions, and SGPs on the risk of DF epidemics. An additional ZIPR-LASSO algorithm was used to explore the dominant drivers of spatial patterns of DF risk to construct the optimal model. Results DF cases were mainly clustered in central Hangzhou. Landscape patterns involving LULC and SGPs played a more important role in DF epidemic than the socioeconomic conditions. Among these factors, the total area of built-up area had the greatest effect to DF risk. Furthermore, property price, density of entertainment and services could better explain the spatial variation of DF risk in Hangzhou. Conclusions Overall, the contribution of landscape patterns to the DF epidemic was more important than socioeconomic conditions within the urban region, especially in the new epidemic region. These findings revealed the key role of landscape epidemiology in public health management and landscape governance to improve the urban sustainable development and human well-being.

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Reflecting on Health Inequities in a Global Pandemic: The Need for Disability-Conscious Public Health Strategies

Cited by 6 publications

References 5 publications

Aspiring to Disability Consciousness in Health Professions Training

Aspiring to Disability Consciousness in Health Professions Training

The study of ableism in population health: a critical review

Urban landscape pattern mainly drives the early epidemic distribution of dengue fever in Hangzhou, China

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