Reflectance Confocal Microscopy Criteria for Squamous Cell Carcinomas and Actinic Keratoses

Rishpon, Ayelet; Kim, Nancy; Scope, Alon; Porges, Leeor; Oliviero, Margaret; Braun, Ralph P.; Marghoob, Ashfaq A.; Alessi‐Fox, Christi; Rabinovitz, Harold

doi:10.1001/archdermatol.2009.134

Cited by 169 publications

(167 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…noma skin cancer (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10). It is also used for in vivo and ex vivo evaluation of nondermatological diseases such as neoplasia of mucosal tissues from mouth and cervix, mammary glands and neural tissue (11)(12)(13)(14).…”

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confidence: 99%

Cellular features of psoriatic skin: Imaging and quantification using in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy

Wolberink

Erp

Teussink

et al. 2010

Cytometry Part B Clinical

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Background: In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is a novel, exciting imaging technique. It provides images of cell-and tissue structures and dynamics in situ, in real time, without the need for ex vivo tissue samples. RCM visualizes the superficial part of human skin up to a depth of 250 lm. In psoriasis, an erythematosquamous skin disease, we evaluated well known histological features of stable psoriasis vulgaris (PP) with RCM. RCM images were correlated to morphological and cell biological findings in routine HE and immunohistochemical stained histology with CD3 and antifilaggrin antibodies.Methods: Lesional and nonlesional skin of eight patients with PP were evaluated with RCM, after which 4-mm punch biopsies were taken and cut vertically in two equal parts. One part was processed in the conventional vertical way, the other horizontally (en face) for optimal correlation to RCM images. We evaluated and quantificated nine histopathological features of psoriasis: parakeratosis, epidermal and dermal inflammatory infiltrate, diminished or absent stratum granulosum, epidermal thickening, thinning of the suprapapillary epidermal plate, increased height of the papillary dermis, increase in number of dermal papillae and increase in number and volume of papillary capillaries.Results: Quantification and evaluation of cell biological and histological features of PP with RCM correlated highly to evaluation in HE, CD3 and filaggrin-stained histology.Conclusions: RCM is a novel technique which can be used for real time, cytometric evaluation and quantification of PP features. RCM might be suited equally for cytometric evaluation of other superficial tissues.

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confidence: 99%

Cellular features of psoriatic skin: Imaging and quantification using in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy

Wolberink

Erp

Teussink

et al. 2010

Cytometry Part B Clinical

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“…41 RCM images of SCC reveled in the center of dermal papillae a round blood vessels. 40 While there is some overlap in the RCM features of SCC and AK, architectural disarray in the stratum granulosum and the spinous layer and the presence of nest-like structures in the dermis are highly suggestive of SCC. …”

Section: J Dermatol Case Rep 2015 4 Pp 89-97mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Round nucleated bright cells in a pagetoid pattern are observed at the spinous-granular layer. 40 There are two types of targetiod cells. The first type is a large cell with a bright center and a dark peripheral halo.…”

Section: J Dermatol Case Rep 2015 4 Pp 89-97mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-invasive diagnostic techniques in the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma

Warszawik-Hendzel

Olszewska

Maj

et al. 2015

J Dermatol Case Rep

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Squamous cell carcinoma is the second most common cutaneous malignancy after basal cell carcinoma. Although the gold standard of diagnosis for squamous cell carcinoma is biopsy followed by histopathology evaluation, optical non-invasive diagnostic tools have obtained increased attention. Dermoscopy has become one of the basic diagnostic methods in clinical practice. The most common dermoscopic features of squamous cell carcinoma include clustered vascular pattern, glomerular vessels and hyperkeratosis. Under reflectance confocal microscopy, squamous cell carcinoma shows an atypical honeycomb or disarranged pattern of the spinous-granular layer of the epidermis, round nucleated bright cells in the epidermis and round vessels in the dermis. High frequency ultrasound and optical coherence tomography may be helpful in predominantly in pre-surgical evaluation of tumor size. Emerging non-invasive or minimal invasive techniques with possible application in the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, lip, oral mucosa, vulva or other tissues include high-definition optical coherence tomography, in vivo multiphoton tomography, direct oral microscopy, electrical impedance spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, elastic scattering spectroscopy, differential path-length spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and angle-resolved low coherence interferometry. (J Dermatol Case Rep. 2015; 9(4): 89-97)

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“…Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is probably the most accepted non-invasive technique to be used in skin cancer detection, at the moment, and it is widely used in clinical trials for this purpose [31][32][33][34][35]. In RCM, out of focus light is eliminated by situating a spatial pinhole at the focal point of the beam.…”

Section: Reflectance Confocal Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin cancer detection using laser imaging

Mowla¹

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Endeavors to develop a non-invasive and reliable device to detect different types of skin cancer in its early stages have been undertaken over the past few years. Although some advances have been made towards such developments, there remains great scope for the development of a non-expensive, compact, reliable, safe, easy to use, fast, sensitive, and non-invasive device. This project will apply the innovative laser feedback interferometry (LFI) technique to skin cancer detection via laser imaging using near-infrared vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs). In this project, the science behind lighttissue interactions has been explored and skin imaging modalities have been elaborately studied. As a result, LFI has been exploited in various configurations to image different modalities such as Doppler flowmetry and confocal reflectance. In addition to single modality imaging, dual-modality imaging has also been proposed and conducted experimentally, to image Doppler flowmetry and confocal reflectance at the same time, using an integrated LFI system. It is shown that dual-modality imaging can yield images with higher contrast which provide more information about morphological and functional characteristics of a target under test.In addition to two-dimensional LFI imaging, three-dimensional imaging systems have also been studied and employed in the laboratory. A tomographic image identifies tissue volume with altered optical properties due to cancerous or other malignant tissue processes. We applied the three-dimensional imaging system to different types of keratinocyte skin cancer phantoms and results show high level of sensitivity in providing tomographic images. Using high numerical aperture lenses, making images at resolutions down to micrometer scales is possible, which is promising for microscopy of biological structures.Furthermore, parallel LFI imaging using an array of 24 VCSELs was also studied theoretically and experimentally as a part of this work. A VCSEL array was used in a parallel read-out LFI imaging system to develop a fast and high resolution device, which eliminates the need to scan mechanically in one dimension.Investigating the complex interactions of the laser beam and tissue requires a powerful and robust simulation technique. Monte Carlo was used as a simulation technique to model the light-tissue interactions occurring in the optical systems in this work. Firstly, we tested and validated the Monte Carlo main engine which was developed in the group, by studying morphological aspects of the simulated and experimental signals in a laser Doppler velocimetry system, and deep insight into the nature of the LFI Doppler spectrum and further conclusions were drawn. Secondly, the Monte Carlo engine was used in iii modeling and analyzing of optical systems, in this work.We developed tissue phantom making techniques which were used to examine the experimental ideas in place of biological samples which are difficult to obtain and work with. Therefore, tissue phantom techniques were studie...

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Reflectance Confocal Microscopy Criteria for Squamous Cell Carcinomas and Actinic Keratoses

Cited by 169 publications

References 22 publications

Cellular features of psoriatic skin: Imaging and quantification using in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy

Cellular features of psoriatic skin: Imaging and quantification using in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy

Non-invasive diagnostic techniques in the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma

Skin cancer detection using laser imaging

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