Refining the APGAR Score Cutoff Values and Viability Classes According to Breed Body Size in Newborn Dogs

Abstract

The Apgar score (AS) represents a key tool for neonate assessment, but the possible breed effect on AS in newborn puppies has never been investigated. Therefore, data from 234 dog litters born by caesarean section, grouped according to breed body size (BBS) (small, medium, large), were evaluated. Live-birth puppies were assessed through AS within 5 min of delivery, and classified in viability classes: 0–3 severely distressed, 4–6 moderately distressed, 7–10 not distressed. Statistical analysis evaluated possible differences of AS and viability class according to BBS, and between BBS and puppies’ mortality. Results showed no differences in the distribution of mortalities among BBSs. However, an effect of BBS on the AS was found, with small-sized puppies being the most represented in the severely distressed class, but having the best survival chance compared to large-sized newborns. Through receiver-operating-characteristics analysis, the AS new cutoff values for survival and for death <24 h and 24 h–7 days of age were identified, and the viability classes were redefined, with a narrower class of moderately distressed puppy specific for each BBS. In conclusion, the refining of the AS in dog species is imperative, with cutoff values and viability classifications that must be adapted to the BBS.

Hypoglycaemia management with a hypercaloric supplementation in neonatal puppies delivered by caesarean section

“…This condition can be related to anaesthetics used in the dam, which cause clinical depression in the puppy (Schmidt et al, 2021) and the absence of birth canal compression at delivery. The correlation between Apgar score and neurological reflexes is expected once they are neonatal vitality assessments (Batista et al, 2014;Plavec et al, 2022;Veronesi et al, 2022;Vivan, 2010).…”