Canine Neonatal Health

Grundy, Sophie A.

doi:10.1016/j.cvsm.2023.05.008

Cited by 2 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…The development of management strategies to optimize the fetal/neonatal outcome supports the ethical concept of the fetus/neonate as a patient [34]. Although in the case of birth complications, rapid veterinary intervention is warranted in order to minimize the development of maternal inanition and fetal vitality depression [35], veterinary supervision during the perinatal period is not always possible as patients are not always presented for care prior to/during parturition [36]. In these circumstances, the education of the owner regarding the whelping process and neonatal health monitoring is even important for positive health outcomes [36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although in the case of birth complications, rapid veterinary intervention is warranted in order to minimize the development of maternal inanition and fetal vitality depression [35], veterinary supervision during the perinatal period is not always possible as patients are not always presented for care prior to/during parturition [36]. In these circumstances, the education of the owner regarding the whelping process and neonatal health monitoring is even important for positive health outcomes [36]. Practitioners, as well as breeders, need to quickly understand if a puppy appearing smaller than its littermates lies over or below the normal N-MBW% of its mother's size.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The risk of neonatal death is often related to metabolic issues. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the prevention, identification, and treatment of disorders associated with the neonatal triad (hypothermia, hypoglycemia, and dehydration) [36]. The prompt identification of newborns requiring additional and tailored assistance is key to reducing perinatal loss in small animals [37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neonatal–Maternal Bodyweight Ratio at Birth: An Indicator for First-Week Survival Prognosis in Canine Newborns

Alonge,

Beccaglia,

Trovò

et al. 2023

Animals

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Objectives. In dogs, neonatal bodyweight (NBW) varies at birth. Size-specific reference values for NBW are essential to correctly manage newborns. The present study aimed to define a new tool to evaluate NBW that could be routinely applied in canine neonatology, promptly identifying puppies requiring more care. Methods. The records of 89 litters were retrospectively evaluated. Data were grouped according to maternal bodyweight (MBW) in five categories: toy (≤5 kg), small (5.1–9.9 kg), medium (10–24.9 kg), large (25–39.9 kg), and giant (≥40 kg) dogs. At birth, the NBW of 412 puppies, alongside their litter size (LS) and gender (G), were recorded. Neonatal mortality within the first week was considered. The influence of MBW, LS, and G on NBW and the effect of NBW on the 1-week outcome were evaluated using ANOVA (p < 0.05). The ratio between NBW and MBW expressed as a percentage (N-MBW%), was assessed for each puppy. Through Receiver-Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves, N-MBW% thresholds between puppies alive or dead at one week of age were calculated in each group. Results. The LS was different among groups, except for small vs. medium dogs. In small litters, N-MBW% was lower in medium-, large- and giant-sized dogs than in toy and small dogs. In medium and large litters, N-MBW% differed among the five groups. Male and female N-MBW% differed among the five groups. Only in large and giant sizes did LS affect N-MBW%, which was lower in a large LS. The N-MBW% was higher in healthy puppies than in those who died within one week. The ROC-derived N-MBW% thresholds were as follows: 4.5% in toy-, 3.2% in small-, 1.5% in medium-, 1.2% in large-, and 1% in giant dogs. Clinical significance. The ROC-derived N-MBW% thresholds can be used to cautiously identify puppies at increased risk for one-week mortality and may be helpful in clinical practice, representing a suitable parameter to give a prognosis on 1-week survival immediately at birth.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neonatal–Maternal Bodyweight Ratio at Birth: An Indicator for First-Week Survival Prognosis in Canine Newborns

Alonge,

Beccaglia,

Trovò

et al. 2023

Animals

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“…High birth weight was also a risk factor for stillbirth in colonies of guide dogs [5]. A high birth weight might increase the risk of neonatal mortality by increasing the length of parturition [5,13], which in turn could lead to intrapartum asphyxia [1,13,14]. Hypoxemia is one of the leading causes of neonatal deaths [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A high birth weight might increase the risk of neonatal mortality by increasing the length of parturition [5,13], which in turn could lead to intrapartum asphyxia [1,13,14]. Hypoxemia is one of the leading causes of neonatal deaths [14]. A prolonged second stage and a prolonged interval between births of puppies are associated with lower neonatal survival rates [5,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Canine Neonatal Health by Breeders: A Prospective Questionnaire Study on the Association between Neonatal Scores (Modified APGAR), Parturition, Birth Weight, Growth, and Puppy Mortality

Axnér,

Axelsson,

Hermansson

2023

Animals

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Mortality of neonatal puppies is a widespread problem in small animal medicine. Neonatal monitoring, according to standardized protocols, can be useful for identifying puppies that are at risk of mortality. Prompt intervention on weak puppies could increase survival rates. Apgar scoring adapted for puppies has been demonstrated to be associated with mortality and is usually performed by trained veterinary staff. The majority of puppies, however, are born in a home or kennel environment and not at a veterinary clinic. Our aims were, therefore, to evaluate if a modified protocol for neonatal monitoring would be usable by breeders in a home environment. We wanted to evaluate potential associations between modified Apgar scores, birth weights, delivery times, growth rates, and puppy mortality. Modified Apgar scores were related to the viability of live-born puppies (p < 0.0013). The viability and expulsion time of each puppy were significantly related (p = 0.010 with all puppies included and p = 0.038 with only live-born puppies included). Viability was significantly related to relative birthweight (p < 0.01). Puppies with a negative growth rate the first two days after parturition did not have a significantly higher risk of mortality. In conclusion, a modified and simplified Apgar scoring performed by breeders approximately 5 min after birth was associated with puppy mortality.

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Canine Neonatal Health

Cited by 2 publications

References 82 publications

Neonatal–Maternal Bodyweight Ratio at Birth: An Indicator for First-Week Survival Prognosis in Canine Newborns

Neonatal–Maternal Bodyweight Ratio at Birth: An Indicator for First-Week Survival Prognosis in Canine Newborns

Evaluation of Canine Neonatal Health by Breeders: A Prospective Questionnaire Study on the Association between Neonatal Scores (Modified APGAR), Parturition, Birth Weight, Growth, and Puppy Mortality

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