Refining and Reuse of Waste Lube Oil in SI Engines: A Novel Approach for a Sustainable Environment

Usman, Muhammad; Jamil, Muhammad Kashif; Riaz, Fahid; Hussain, Haris; Hussain, Ghulam; Shah, Muhammad Haris; Qyyum, Muhammad Abdul; Salman, Chaudhary Awais; Lee, Moonyong

doi:10.3390/en14102937

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Moreover, an extensive study is available about the refining and re-deployment of the waste lube oil regarding SI engines. The novel study explained the impact of various conditions of lubricating oil on engine characteristics [10]. In another related study, it was found that the moisture level in the lubrication oil was higher for ethanol at 85% concentration in gasoline than simple gasoline in SI engines [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Analysis of the Impact of Propanol-Gasoline Blends on Lubricant Oil Degradation and Spark-Ignition Engine Characteristics

et al. 2022

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Alcoholic fuels have recently come to light as a sustainable source for powering today’s vehicles. Various studies have investigated the effects of alcoholic fuels on engine efficiency and emission characteristics. However, scarce literature is available for their effects on lubricant. Therefore, propanol-gasoline fuel mixtures, with concentrations of 9% (P9) and 18% (P18) propanol, were made to compare their engine characteristics and lubricating oil condition with that of pure gasoline (0 percent propanol (P0)). To determine the rate of deterioration, the characteristics of the lubricating oil were evaluated after 100 h of engine operation, as suggested by the manufacturer. When compared with unused lube oil, P18 showed reductions in flash point temperature and kinematic viscosity of 14% and 36%, respectively, at 100 °C. For P18, which contains Fe (27 PPM), Al (11 PPM), and Cu (14 PPM), the highest wear element concentrations in the lubricating oil were found. The moisture in the degraded oil was well within the allowable limit for the three fuel mixtures. With the increase in propanol percentage in the propanol-gasoline blend, the engine performance was increased. Compared to P9 and P0, P18 had the partially unburned emissions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Analysis of the Impact of Propanol-Gasoline Blends on Lubricant Oil Degradation and Spark-Ignition Engine Characteristics

et al. 2022

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“…Nowadays, researchers are focused on quantifying the adverse environmental effects of ULOs [2]. It is of particular concern that, the RESEARCH products of ULO burning generate environmental pollutants that over time, also pollute other places than those close to the ULO generation sites [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refining Used Lubricant Oils with Different Concentration Levels of Sulfuric Acid and Nonylphenol

Alvarez-Rivera¹,

Nájera²,

Urrieta-Saltijeral³

et al. 2023

Tribol. Ind.

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The purpose of this research was to evaluate the refining of used lubricating oils (ULOs), and their possible use as drilling fluids. 17 treatments were evaluated and sulfuric acid and nonylphenol were used as reagents at concentrations of 0.12, 0.24 and 0.36 g/mL and temperatures of 40, 60, 80 and 100 °C. AT80 and AT100 ULOs treated at 80 and 100 °C without reagents, presented an average density of 0.84 g/cm-3, a viscosity of 76.3 and 75.3 cP, an electrical stability of 1,731.3 and 1,394.6 V and a flash point of 183 and 190 °C as higher. The ST40C1 and ST40C2 treatments, added with reagents, showed similar results to AT80 and AT100 in the evaluated variables, but they are more expensive treatments. According to the results, it is concluded that the refined ULO can be a substitute for the oil used in the formulation of oil-based drilling fluids.

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“…When operating HCPV systems, keeping the solar cells cool is one of the most important aspects [7]. When triple-junction solar cells receive large amounts of solar intensity, they heat up, and as the temperature increases, the efficiency and power output of the cells lower.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Varying Volume Fractions of SiO2 and Al2O3 on the Performance of Concentrated Photovoltaic System

et al. 2023

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Highly concentrated triple-junction solar cells (HCTJSCs) are cells that have diverse applications for power generation. Their electrical efficiency is almost 45%, which may be increased to 50% by the end of the year 2030. Despite their overwhelming ability to generate power, their efficiency is lower when utilized in a concentrated manner, which introduces a high-temperature surge, leading to a sudden drop in output power. In this study, the efficiency of a 10 mm × 10 mm multijunction solar cell (MJSC) was increased to almost 42% under the climatic conditions in Lahore, Pakistan. Active cooling was selected, where SiO2–water- and Al2O3–water-based nanofluids with varying volume fractions, ranging from 5% to 15% by volume, were used with a 0.001 kg/s mass flow rate. In addition, two- and three-layer microchannel heat sinks (MCHSs) with squared microchannels were designed to perform thermal management. Regarding the concentration ratio, 1500 suns were considered for 15 August at noon, with 805 W/m2 and 110 W/m2 direct and indirect radiation, respectively. A complete model including a triple-junction solar cell and allied assemblies was modeled in Solidworks software, followed by temperature profile generation in steady-state thermal analyses (SSTA). Thereafter, a coupling of SSTA and Ansys Fluent was made, in combination with the thermal management of the entire model, where the temperature of the TJSC was found to be 991 °C without active cooling, resulting in a decrease in electrical output. At 0.001 kg/s, the optimum average surface temperature (44.5 °C), electrical efficiency (41.97%), and temperature uniformity (16.47 °C) were achieved in the of MJSC with SiO2–water nanofluid with three layers of MCHS at a 15% volume fraction. Furthermore, the average outlet temperature of the Al2O3–water nanofluid at all volume fractions was high, between 29.53 °C and 31.83 °C, using the two-layer configuration. For the three-layer arrangement, the input and output temperatures of the working fluid were found to be the same at 25 °C.

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Refining and Reuse of Waste Lube Oil in SI Engines: A Novel Approach for a Sustainable Environment

Cited by 13 publications

References 54 publications

Analysis of the Impact of Propanol-Gasoline Blends on Lubricant Oil Degradation and Spark-Ignition Engine Characteristics

Analysis of the Impact of Propanol-Gasoline Blends on Lubricant Oil Degradation and Spark-Ignition Engine Characteristics

Refining Used Lubricant Oils with Different Concentration Levels of Sulfuric Acid and Nonylphenol

Effects of Varying Volume Fractions of SiO2 and Al2O3 on the Performance of Concentrated Photovoltaic System

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