Refinement and application of a conductiometric standpipe technique for measuring interstitial flow velocity in salmonid spawning gravels

Greig, Stuart M.; Carling, Paul A.; Sear, David; Whitcombe, L. J.

doi:10.1007/s10750-005-3316-1

Cited by 8 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…Standpipes provided access points for monitoring the intra-gravel incubation environment (Greig et al (2005b) provide a schematic representation of these standpipes). Standpipes were composed of 100 mm length sections of drilled stainless-steel tube, sheathed in a section of retractable 260 mm aluminium tube.…”

Section: Assessing Dissolved Oxygen and Interstitial Flow Velocitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interstitial flow velocities were estimated after dissolved oxygen readings had been acquired, by using a recalibrated conductometric standpipe technique developed by Carling and Boole (1987) (Greig et al, 2005b). In summary, the conductometric standpipe technique assesses interstitial flow velocities by recording the rate of dilution of a fixed volume and concentration of saline solution injected into the chamber of the standpipe.…”

Section: Assessing Dissolved Oxygen and Interstitial Flow Velocitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lower limit of the probe's response is 1 cm h 1 , and velocities below the probe's threshold of response are reported as 1 cm h 1 . At velocities less than 200 cm h 1 , the probe's level of accuracy (standard error) has been defined as š18 cm h 1 ; and at velocities exceeding 200 cm h 1 , the level of accuracy has been defined as š16 cm h 1 (Greig, 2004;Greig et al, 2005b). Interstitial flow velocities and oxygen concentrations were recorded at weekly intervals at the River Test and River Ithon, and at biweekly intervals at the River Aran and River Blackwater.…”

Section: Assessing Dissolved Oxygen and Interstitial Flow Velocitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To improve assessments of the quality of salmonid incubation environments, it is suggested that greater consideration should be given to the influence of interstitial flow velocities and, thus, oxygen flux on the incubation success. A significant step forward in our ability to assess the quality of incubation habitats remains the development of improved tools to assess interstitial flow velocities and/or oxygen fluxes through riverbed gravels (Carling and Boole, 1986;Greig et al, 2005b).…”

Section: Future Management Tools and Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A field‐based assessment of oxygen supply to incubating Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) embryos

Greig

Sear

Carling

2007

Hydrological Processes

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Abstract:Oxygen fluxes through artificially created salmon redds within four UK rivers were quantified and assessed against survival to hatching of Atlantic salmon embryos. All sites recorded high spatial variability in survival. Minimum survival to hatching was zero at all sites. Maximum survival to hatching ranged from 35% to 91%. Mean survival to hatching ranged from 8Ð7% to 71%.Intra-and inter-site variations in rates of oxygen supply were observed. Generally, interstitial dissolved oxygen concentrations declined over the incubation period from a maximum recorded directly after redd creation, although localized fluctuations were recorded. Similarly, interstitial flow velocities declined over the incubation period from a maximum directly after redd creation to a minimum at hatching. With respect to the causes of embryo mortalities, oxygen supply was shown to be a stronger determinant of survival than interstitial oxygen concentration or interstitial flow velocity.To improve delineation of potential causes of embryo mortalities in the field, the statistical analysis was integrated within mass transfer theory of the processes controlling respiration to determine the likely mechanisms inhibiting respiration. Based on this analysis, mortalities were assessed to have resulted from periods of lethal oxygen concentrations, from periods of interstitial flow velocities that were insufficient to remove metabolic waste, or from combinations of oxygen concentration and interstitial flow that did not support respiratory requirements. A set of oxygen-supply-related thresholds for assessing incubation habitat quality are proposed.

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Section: Assessing Dissolved Oxygen and Interstitial Flow Velocitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Assessing Dissolved Oxygen and Interstitial Flow Velocitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Assessing Dissolved Oxygen and Interstitial Flow Velocitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Future Management Tools and Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A field‐based assessment of oxygen supply to incubating Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) embryos

Greig

Sear

Carling

2007

Hydrological Processes

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“…From the flow point of view two riverbed zones can be delineated: the zone of non-Darcian flow towards the bed surface and the zone of Darcian flow deeper in the substrate (Bencala, 2000;Greig et al, 2005).…”

Section: Physical Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The hyporheic zone and its functions: revision and research status in Neotropical regions

2015

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The hyporheic zone (HZ), as the connecting ecotone between surface-and groundwater, is functionally part of both fluvial and groundwater ecosystems. Its hydrological, chemical, biological and metabolic features are specific of this zone, not belonging truly neither to surface-nor to groundwater. Exchanges of water, nutrients, and organic matter occur in response to variations in discharge and bed topography and porosity. Dynamic gradients exist at all scales and vary temporally. Across all scales, the functional significance of the HZ relates to its activity and connection with the surface stream. The HZ is a relatively rich environment and almost all invertebrate groups have colonized this habitat. This fauna, so-called hyporheos, is composed of species typical from interstitial environment, and also of benthic epigean and phreatic species. The hyporheic microbiocenose consists in bacteria, archaea, protozoa and fungi. The HZ provides several ecosystem services, playing a pivotal role in mediating exchange processes, including both matter and energy, between surface and subterranean ecosystems, functioning as regulator of water flow, benthic invertebrates refuge and place of storage, source and transformation of organic matter. The hyporheic zone is one of the most threatened aquatic environments, being strongly influenced by human activities, and the least protected by legislation worldwide. Its maintenance and conservation is compelling in order to preserve the ecological interconnectivity among the three spatial dimensions of the aquatic environment. Although several researchers addressed the importance of the hyporheic zone early, and most contemporary stream ecosystem models explicitly include it, very little is known about the HZ of Neotropical regions. From a biological standpoint, hyporheos fauna in Neotropical regions are still largely underestimated. This review focuses on a brief presentation of the hyporheic zone and its functions and significance as an ecotone. We also highlighted the key aspects considering also the current status of research in Neotropical regions.Keywords: Enterobacteriaceae, groundwater, meiofauna, macroinvertebrates, water exchange. A zona hiporréica e as suas funções: revisão e estado da arte da pesquisa na região neotropical ResumoA zona hiporréica, como ecótono de ligação entre a superfície e as águas subterrâneas, é parte funcional seja dos ecossistemas fluviais seja das águas subterrâneas. As características hidrológicas, as características químicas, biológicas e metabólicas são específicas desta zona, não pertencendo verdadeiramente nem a superfície nem às águas subterrâneas. Trocas de água, nutrientes e matéria orgânica ocorrem em resposta a variações na descarga, topografia do álveo e porosidade. Gradientes dinâmicos existem em todas as escalas e variam temporalmente. Em todas as escalas, o significado funcional da zona hyporheic relaciona-se com a sua conexão e atividades com a água superficial. O HZ é um ambiente relativamente rico e quase todos os grupos de ...

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Spatio‐temporal variations of hyporheic flow in a riffle‐step‐pool sequence

Käser

Binley

Heathwaite

et al. 2009

Hydrological Processes

108

136

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Subsurface flow in streambeds can vary at different scales in time and space. Recognizing this variability is critical for understanding biogeochemical and ecological processes associated with the hyporheic zone. The aim of this study was to examine the variability of hydraulic conductivity (K), vertical hydraulic gradients (VHGs), and subsurface fluxes, over a riffle-step-pool sequence and at a high spatio-temporal resolution. A 20 m reach was equipped with a network of piezometers in order to determine the distribution of VHGs and K. During a summer month, temporal variations of VHGs were regularly surveyed and, for a subset of piezometers, the water level was automatically recorded at 15 min intervals by logging pressure transducers. Additionally, point-dilution tests were carried out on the same subset of piezometers. Whereas the distribution of vertical fluxes can be derived from K and VHG values, point-dilution tests allow for the estimation of horizontal fluxes where no VHG is detectable. Results indicate that, spatially, VHGs switched from upwelling to downwelling across lateral as well as longitudinal sections of the channel. Vertical fluxes appeared spatially more homogeneous than VHGs, suggesting that the latter can be a poor indicator of the intensity of flow. Finally, during flow events, some VHGs showed little or no fluctuations; this was interpreted as the result of a pressure wave propagating from upstream through highly diffusive alluvial sediments.

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Refinement and application of a conductiometric standpipe technique for measuring interstitial flow velocity in salmonid spawning gravels

Cited by 8 publications

References 21 publications

A field‐based assessment of oxygen supply to incubating Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) embryos

A field‐based assessment of oxygen supply to incubating Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) embryos

The hyporheic zone and its functions: revision and research status in Neotropical regions

Spatio‐temporal variations of hyporheic flow in a riffle‐step‐pool sequence

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