A field‐based assessment of oxygen supply to incubating Atlantic salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) embryos

Greig, Stuart M.; Sear, David; Carling, Paul A.

doi:10.1002/hyp.6635

Cited by 38 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…On the other hand, DO concentrations alone may not have limited embryo survival. Other researchers have also observed poor embryo survival rates at oxygen concentrations approaching saturation (Greig et al 2007b). In our study, embryo survival was related to the strength of intragravel flow, indicating that interstitial velocities may be important to maintain oxygen gradients across the egg membrane or to remove metabolic waste accumulation within the sediment (Greig et al 2007a(Greig et al , 2007b.…”

Section: Effects Of Vhg and Fine Sediment On Bull Trout Survival And mentioning

confidence: 95%

Effects of fine sediment, hyporheic flow, and spawning site characteristics on survival and development of bull trout embryos

BowermanTracy

Neilson

BudyPhaedra

2014

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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Successful spawning is imperative for the persistence of salmonid populations, but relatively little research has been conducted to evaluate factors affecting early life-stage survival for bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus), a threatened char. We conducted a field experiment to assess the relationship between site-specific environmental factors and bull trout embryo survival and fry emergence timing. Survival from egg to hatch was negatively related to percent fine sediment (<1 mm) in the redd and positively related to the strength of downwelling at spawning sites. Survival of eggs to fry emergence was also negatively related to fine sediment, and the best statistical models included additional variables that described the rate of downwelling and intragravel flow within the incubation environment. Fry emerged at an earlier stage in development from redds with high percentages of fine sediment. Increased hydraulic conductivity via redd construction and selection of spawning sites with strong downwelling appear to enhance hyporheic flow rates and bull trout egg survival, but early life-stage success may ultimately be limited by intrusion of fine sediment into the incubation environment. Résumé :Si le succès du frai est un impératif pour la persistance des populations de salmonidés, assez peu de travaux se sont penchés sur l'évaluation des facteurs ayant une incidence sur la survie des premiers stades du cycle de vie de l'omble à tête plate (Salvelinus confluentus), une espèce menacée. Nous avons mené une expérience de terrain visant à évaluer le lien entre les facteurs ambiants propres au site, d'une part, et la survie des embryons et le moment de l'émergence des alevins, d'autre part. La survie des embryons jusqu'à l'éclosion présentait une relation négative avec le pourcentage de sédiments fins (<1 mm) dans le nid de frai et une relation positive avec la force de la plongée d'eau dans le site de frai. La survie des oeufs jusqu'à l'émergence des alevins était également négativement reliée aux sédiments fins, et les meilleurs modèles statistiques intégraient des variables supplé-mentaires pour décrire le débit de plongée d'eau et d'écoulement dans le gravier dans le milieu d'incubation. Les alevins émergeaient à un stade plus précoce de leur développement dans les nids présentant un pourcentage élevé de sédiments fins. Si une conductivité hydraulique accrue découlant de la construction du nid et la sélection de lieux de frai avec une forte plongée d'eau semblent accroître les débits hyporhéiques et la survie des oeufs d'ombles à tête plate, le succès des stades précoces du cycle de vie pourrait ultimement être limité par l'intrusion de sédiments fins dans le milieu d'incubation. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

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Section: Effects Of Vhg and Fine Sediment On Bull Trout Survival And mentioning

confidence: 95%

Effects of fine sediment, hyporheic flow, and spawning site characteristics on survival and development of bull trout embryos

BowermanTracy

Neilson

BudyPhaedra

2014

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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“…The model has been calibrated for the River Ithon using observed data for sediment accumulation within the gravel matrix collected by Greig et al (2007) during the winter of [2002][2003]. Here, the sensitivity of the SIDO-UK model to the input sedigraph has been tested by altering the loads of sand, silt and clay.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2), comprising 23% clay, 56% silt and 21% sand (Greig et al, 2007). Suspended sediment concentrations were measured using a Partech IR400 turbidity probe (NTU) located 0.05 m above the stream bed and locally calibrated against daily pump samples of suspended sediment concentration.…”

Section: River Ithon Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The SIDO-UK model was validated using observations of fine sediment accumulation volumes within artificial redds collected as part of the Greig et al (2007) study. The calibration using the CBABJ parameter that controls the near bed concentration of fine sediment, which redd ingressing is directly related to, was optimised for the final accumulated infilled sediment volume.…”

Section: Model Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interactions between fine-grained sediment delivery, river bed deposition and salmonid spawning success

et al. 2015

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Salmonids clean river bed gravels to lay their eggs. However, during the incubation period fine sediment infiltrates the bed. This has been found to limit the success of salmonid spawning, as fine sediment reduces gravel permeability resulting in intra-gravel flow velocities and O2 concentrations decreasing. The success of salmonid spawning is therefore a function of the coincidence of fine sediment delivery and the development of the salmonid eggs. The presence of fine sediment also exerts sub-lethal effects on the rate of egg development with a negative feedback slowing and extending the incubation process meaning the eggs are in the gravels for longer and susceptible to more potential sediment delivery events. The SIDO (Sediment Intrusion and Dissolved Oxygen)-UK model is a physically-based numerical model which simulates the effect of fine sediment deposition on the abiotic characteristics of the salmonid redd, along with the consequences for egg development and survival. This model is used to investigate the interactions and feedbacks between the timing and concentrations of suspended sediment delivery events, and the deposition of fine sediment within the gravel bed, and the consequences of this on the rate of egg development and survival. The model simulations suggest that egg survival is highly sensitive to suspended sediment concentrations, particularly to changes in the supply rate of sand particles. The magnitude, frequency and specific timing of sediment delivery events effects egg survival rates. The modelling framework is also used to investigate the impact of the rate of gravel infilling by sediment. The hypotheses of continual, discrete event and non-linear decline in the rate of infilling are investigated.

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“…This affects the oxygen supply to the developing salmonid embryos in the redds negatively, and hence their survival (Greig et al, 2005(Greig et al, , 2007aHeywood and Walling, 2007). The presence of high organic matter in the IS and interstitial water can additionally disproportionately impact on spawning habits (Greig et al, 2005).…”

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confidence: 99%

Organic matter dynamics and stable isotope signature as tracers of the sources of suspended sediment

Wildhaber¹,

Liechti²,

Alewell³

2012

Biogeosciences

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Abstract. Suspended sediment (SS) and organic matter in rivers can harm brown trout Salmo trutta by affecting the health and fitness of free swimming fish and by causing siltation of the riverbed. The temporal and spatial dynamics of sediment, carbon (C), and nitrogen (N) during the brown trout spawning season in a small river of the Swiss Plateau were assessed and C isotopes as well as the C/N atomic ratio were used to distinguish autochthonous and allochthonous sources of organic matter in SS loads. The visual basic program IsoSource with 13 C tot and 15 N as input isotopes was used to quantify the temporal and spatial sources of SS. Organic matter concentrations in the infiltrated and suspended sediment were highest during low flow periods with small sediment loads and lowest during high flow periods with high sediment loads. Peak values in nitrate and dissolved organic C were measured during high flow and high rainfall, probably due to leaching from pasture and arable land. The organic matter was of allochthonous sources as indicated by the C/N atomic ratio and δ 13 C org . Organic matter in SS increased from up-to downstream due to an increase of pasture and arable land downstream of the river. The mean fraction of SS originating from upper watershed riverbed sediment decreased from up to downstream and increased during high flow at all measuring sites along the course of the river. During base flow conditions, the major sources of SS are pasture, forest and arable land. The latter increased during rainy and warmer winter periods, most likely because both triggered snow melt and thus erosion. The measured increase in DOC and nitrate concentrations during high flow support these modeling results. Enhanced soil erosion processes on pasture and arable land are expected with increasing heavy rain events and less snow during winter seasons due to climate change. Consequently, SS and organic matter in the river will increase, which will possibly affect brown trout negatively.

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A field‐based assessment of oxygen supply to incubating Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) embryos

Cited by 38 publications

References 44 publications

Effects of fine sediment, hyporheic flow, and spawning site characteristics on survival and development of bull trout embryos

Effects of fine sediment, hyporheic flow, and spawning site characteristics on survival and development of bull trout embryos

Interactions between fine-grained sediment delivery, river bed deposition and salmonid spawning success

Organic matter dynamics and stable isotope signature as tracers of the sources of suspended sediment

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