Referred Sensations Elicited by Video-Mediated Mirroring of Hands

Hoermann, Simon; Franz, Elizabeth A.; Regenbrecht, Holger

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0050942

Cited by 24 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Previous studies have demonstrated that observation of a dummy hand being stroked or moving at the same time as the hidden hand evokes a feeling that the dummy hand is one’s own (rubber hand illusion, RHI; static dummy hand: Botvinick and Cohen, 1998 ; Ehrsson et al, 2004 ; moving dummy hand: Dummer et al, 2009 ; Kalckert and Ehrsson, 2012 ; Jenkinson and Preston, 2015 ). Similar illusory hand ownership is experienced when hand images are presented on video (Jeannerod, 2003 ; Tsakiris et al, 2006 ; Shimada et al, 2009 ), via mirror reflection (Bertamini et al, 2011 ; Medina et al, 2015 ), or using computer graphics (Hoermann et al, 2012 ; Bekrater-Bodmann et al, 2014 ; Kokkinara and Slater, 2014 ). Moreover, observing both dummy hands and fake hand images also elicits a change in the proprioceptive sensation of hand position (Botvinick and Cohen, 1998 ; Holmes et al, 2004 , 2006 ; Tsakiris and Haggard, 2005 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Effect of Visual Information on Active Touch During Mirror Visual Feedback

Katsuyama¹,

Kikuchi-Tachi²,

Usui³

et al. 2018

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Several studies have demonstrated that observation of a dummy or mirror-reflected hand being stroked or moving at the same time as the hidden hand evokes a feeling that the dummy hand is one’s own, such as the rubber hand illusion (RHI) and mirror visual feedback (MVF). Under these conditions, participants also report sensing the tactile stimulation applied to the fake hands, suggesting that tactile perception is modulated by visual information during the RHI and MVF. Previous studies have utilized passive stimulation conditions; however, active touch is more common in real-world settings. Therefore, we investigated whether active touch is also modulated by visual information during an MVF scenario. Twenty-three participants (13 men and 10 women; mean age ± SD: 21.6 ± 2.0 years) were required to touch a polyurethane pad with both hands synchronously, and estimate the hardness of the pad while observing the mirror reflection. When participants observed the mirror reflection of the other hand pushing a softer or harder pad, perceived hardness estimates were significantly biased toward softer or harder, respectively, even though the physical hardness of the pad remained constant. Furthermore, perceived hardness exhibited a strong correlation with finger displacement of the mirrored, but not hidden, hand. The modulatory effects on perceived hardness diminished when participants touched the pad with both hands asynchronously or with their eyes closed. Moreover, participants experienced ownership of the mirrored hand when they touched the pad with both hands synchronously but not asynchronously. These results indicate that hardness estimates were modulated by observation of the mirrored hand during synchronous touch conditions. The present study demonstrates that, similar to passive touch, active touch is also modulated by visual input.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Effect of Visual Information on Active Touch During Mirror Visual Feedback

Katsuyama¹,

Kikuchi-Tachi²,

Usui³

et al. 2018

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In these studies, viewed touch (e.g. lasers, viewed touch with Semmes-Weinstein filaments) is presented to rubber hands or mirror images of the participant's own hands (Durgin, Evans, Dunphy, Klostermann, & Simmons, 2007;Hoermann, Franz, & Regenbrecht, 2012;Honma, Koyama, & Osada, 2009;Takasugi et al, 2011). Other studies have shown that the relationship between one's own body posture and the position of viewed body parts influences the effectiveness of both the rubber hand (Costantini & Haggard, 2007;Tsakiris & Haggard, 2005) and mirror box (Liu & Medina, under review) illusions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the body schema on mirror-touch synesthesia

Medina

DePasquale

2017

Cortex

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Individuals with mirror-touch synesthesia (MTS) report feeling touch on their own body when seeing someone else being touched. We examined how the body schema - an on-line representation of body position in space - is involved in mapping touch from a viewed body to one's own body. We showed 45 mirror-touch synesthetes videos of a hand being touched, varying the location of the viewed touch by hand (left, right), skin surface (palmar, dorsal) and finger (index, ring). Participant hand posture was either congruent or incongruent with the posture of the viewed hand. After seeing the video, participants were asked to report whether they felt touch on their own body and, if so, the intensity and location of their percepts. We found that participants reported more frequent and more veridical (i.e., felt at the same somatotopic location as the viewed touch) mirror-touch percepts on posturally congruent versus posturally incongruent trials. Furthermore, participant response patterns varied as a function of postural congruence. Some participants consistently felt sensations on the hand surface that was stimulated in the video - even if their hands were in the opposite posture. Other participants' responses were modulated based on their own hand position, such that percepts were more likely to be felt on the upright, plausible hand surface in the posturally incongruent condition. These results provide evidence that mapping viewed touch to one's own body involves an on-line representation of body position in space.

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“…The observation or imagination of body movements facilitates motor recovery [7–9] and provides new possibilities for cortical reorganization and enhancement of functional mobility. Thus, it appears that movement visualisation may also play an important role in motor rehabilitation [10–12], although this aspect is yet to be systematically investigated [13]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Movement visualisation in virtual reality rehabilitation of the lower limb: a systematic review

et al. 2016

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BackgroundVirtual reality (VR) based applications play an increasing role in motor rehabilitation. They provide an interactive and individualized environment in addition to increased motivation during motor tasks as well as facilitating motor learning through multimodal sensory information. Several previous studies have shown positive effect of VR-based treatments for lower extremity motor rehabilitation in neurological conditions, but the characteristics of these VR applications have not been systematically investigated. The visual information on the user’s movement in the virtual environment, also called movement visualisation (MV), is a key element of VR-based rehabilitation interventions. The present review proposes categorization of Movement Visualisations of VR-based rehabilitation therapy for neurological conditions and also summarises current research in lower limb application.MethodsA systematic search of literature on VR-based intervention for gait and balance rehabilitation in neurological conditions was performed in the databases namely; MEDLINE (Ovid), AMED, EMBASE, CINAHL, and PsycInfo. Studies using non-virtual environments or applications to improve cognitive function, activities of daily living, or psychotherapy were excluded. The VR interventions of the included studies were analysed on their MV.ResultsIn total 43 publications were selected based on the inclusion criteria. Seven distinct MV groups could be differentiated: indirect MV (N = 13), abstract MV (N = 11), augmented reality MV (N = 9), avatar MV (N = 5), tracking MV (N = 4), combined MV (N = 1), and no MV (N = 2). In two included articles the visualisation conditions included different MV groups within the same study. Additionally, differences in motor performance could not be analysed because of the differences in the study design. Three studies investigated different visualisations within the same MV group and hence limited information can be extracted from one study.ConclusionsThe review demonstrates that individuals’ movements during VR-based motor training can be displayed in different ways. Future studies are necessary to fundamentally explore the nature of this VR information and its effect on motor outcome.

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Referred Sensations Elicited by Video-Mediated Mirroring of Hands

Cited by 24 publications

References 28 publications

Effect of Visual Information on Active Touch During Mirror Visual Feedback

Effect of Visual Information on Active Touch During Mirror Visual Feedback

Influence of the body schema on mirror-touch synesthesia

Movement visualisation in virtual reality rehabilitation of the lower limb: a systematic review

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