Reference Values for Respiratory Muscle Strength in Children and Adolescents

Hulzebos, Erik; Takken, Tim; Reijneveld, Elja; Mulder, Marlies; Bongers, Bart C.

doi:10.1159/000485464

Cited by 27 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The current study demonstrates a strong positive correlation between height and respiratory pressure changes which can be due to a change in the body size with the increase in age, even though the mean height of boys (145.5±33.32) and girls (139.5±30.3) in current study was lesser compared to the study done by Hulzebos et al 18 The present study demonstrates a positive correlation between height and respiratory pressure. These changes might be due to an exponential increase in the TLC with a change in weight (and especially height) wherein TLC directly influences the respiratory muscle strength.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

“…The sample size of the present study (n=320) is larger when compared to the previously published relevant works. 6 , 9 , 10 , 15 , 18 , 21 The lower limit of age chosen was seven, to ensure that the subjects recruited demonstrate co-operation and understand the test procedure, while the upper limit of age was 17. To the best of our knowledge, there is no literature available related to the reference values of MIP and MEP for Indian children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Respiratory Muscle Strength in Healthy Indian Children of Age 7–17 Years: A Cross-Sectional Study

Pawar¹,

Narayan²,

Karnad³

et al. 2021

IJGM

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Purpose As the values of respiratory muscle strength vary according to race, ethnicity, and geographical area, there is a wide-ranging difference among different populations. Thus, the available reference values may not have an application for use in the Indian paediatric population, creating a need for generating values which will be appropriate for the Indian paediatric context. Materials and Methods Assessment of respiratory muscle strength was carried out by assessing maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) and synthesising predictive formulas using anthropometric variables like height, gender and age, which will be suitable for Indian children. Results We calculated MIP and MEP of 320 (boys=160 and girls= 160) children in the age range of 7 years to 17 years of Mangaluru city, India. Results stated that mean MIP and MEP for boys were 72.5±32.8 cm H 2 O and 73±33.2 cm H 2 O, while for the girls it was 67±30.2 cm H 2 O and 68±30.1 cm H 2 O, respectively. Conclusion This study concluded that there is a difference in respiratory pressure values of Indian children with respect to those of other countries. Age, gender, height and BMI have a significant role in determining respiratory muscle strength. Boys demonstrated higher MIP and MEP. As age, height, weight and BMI increases, so does MIP and MEP.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory Muscle Strength in Healthy Indian Children of Age 7–17 Years: A Cross-Sectional Study

Pawar¹,

Narayan²,

Karnad³

et al. 2021

IJGM

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“…We observed significant increases in maximum power/weight ratio, as well as in maximum inspiratory (MIP) and expiratory (MEP) pressures after 10 months of combined endurance and inspiratory muscle training. MIP and MEP values at baseline ranged between the 3rd and 25th percentile (P3-P25) and increased to P10-P50 during training ( 51 ). Laohachai et al ( 19 ) previously reported that improvements in MIP were associated with positive effects on cardiac output in Fontan patients after 6-week of IMT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Home-Based Long-Term Physical Endurance and Inspiratory Muscle Training for Children and Adults With Fontan Circulation—Initial Results From a Prospective Study

Dirks

Krämer

Schleiger

et al. 2022

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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BackgroundPatients with congenital heart disease (CHD)—including those after Fontan operation—are encouraged to be physically active.AimTo prospectively determine the effects of an individually adapted, home-based cycle ergometer endurance training in combination with inspiratory muscle training (IMT) in pediatric and adult Fontan patients. We, herein, report the results of the initial 10-months follow-up (phase 1).Methods18 patients (median age 16.5 years; range 10-43 years) completed baseline check-ups, and 4 and 10 months follow-up visits, which each included cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), bodyplethysmography (including measurement of respiratory muscle strength), and a quality of life questionnaire (PedsQL™). The training program consisted of a home-based cycle ergometer endurance training on a “Magbike® AM-5i/3i” (DKN Technology®, Clermont-Ferrand, France) and IMT with a handheld “POWERbreathe® Medic plus” device. Patients performed 90 min of endurance training per week in addition to IMT (30 breaths per day, 6-7 times per week). After the first 4 months, patients underwent additional interval training.ResultsAfter 10 months of training, we observed significant increases in maximum relative workload (W/kg, p = 0.003) and in maximum inspiratory (MIP, p = 0.002) and expiratory (MEP, p = 0.008) pressures. Peak VO2 values did not increase significantly as compared to baseline (p = 0.12) in the entire cohort (n = 18), but reached statistical significance in a subgroup analysis of teenage/adult patients (n = 14; p = 0.03). Patients' subjective quality of life did not show any significant changes after 10 months of training.DiscussionIn Fontan patients, an individually adapted home-based training is safe and associated with improvements in some CPET variables. However, these improvements did not translate into an improved QoL after 10 months. With an unclear, but most likely negative, impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, improvements in QoL may become evident during further follow-up (phase 2 of the study).

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“…Furthermore, the children with IOPD in our sample (mean 8.9 years (3.8), range 5.0-17.0) were older than the children with IOPD in Su's cohort (mean 5.9 years (1.8), range 3.5-8.8). Since both respiratory muscle strength and sustained phonation duration are known to increase with age [53][54][55], this may indicate the children in our cohort had greater respiratory muscle weakness than those studied by Su.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Dysphonia in Children with Pompe Disease Using Auditory-Perceptual and Acoustic/Physiologic Methods

Crisp

Neel

Amarasekara

et al. 2021

JCM

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Bulbar and respiratory weakness occur commonly in children with Pompe disease and frequently lead to dysarthria. However, changes in vocal quality associated with this motor speech disorder are poorly described. The goal of this study was to characterize the vocal function of children with Pompe disease using auditory-perceptual and physiologic/acoustic methods. High-quality voice recordings were collected from 21 children with Pompe disease. The Grade, Roughness, Breathiness, Asthenia, and Strain (GRBAS) scale was used to assess voice quality and ratings were compared to physiologic/acoustic measurements collected during sustained phonation tasks, reading of a standard passage, and repetition of a short phrase at maximal volume. Based on ratings of grade, dysphonia was present in 90% of participants and was most commonly rated as mild or moderate in severity. Duration of sustained phonation tasks was reduced and shimmer was increased in comparison to published reference values for children without dysphonia. Specific measures of loudness were found to have statistically significant relationships with perceptual ratings of grade, breathiness, asthenia, and strain. Our data suggest that dysphonia is common in children with Pompe disease and primarily reflects impairments in respiratory and laryngeal function; however, the primary cause of dysphonia remains unclear. Future studies should seek to quantify the relative contribution of deficits in individual speech subsystems on voice quality and motor speech performance more broadly.

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Reference Values for Respiratory Muscle Strength in Children and Adolescents

Cited by 27 publications

References 33 publications

Respiratory Muscle Strength in Healthy Indian Children of Age 7–17 Years: A Cross-Sectional Study

Respiratory Muscle Strength in Healthy Indian Children of Age 7–17 Years: A Cross-Sectional Study

Home-Based Long-Term Physical Endurance and Inspiratory Muscle Training for Children and Adults With Fontan Circulation—Initial Results From a Prospective Study

Assessment of Dysphonia in Children with Pompe Disease Using Auditory-Perceptual and Acoustic/Physiologic Methods

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