Reference norms for evaluating maximum expiratory flow of children and adolescents of the Maule Region in Chile

Cossío-Bolaños, Marco; Andruske, Cynthia Lee; Arruda, Miguel de; Sulla-Torres, José; Pacheco-Carrillo, Jaime; Urra-Albornoz, Camilo; Gómez-Campos, Rossana

doi:10.7717/peerj.5157

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…The results of this study are corroborated with research carried out with African American [ 19 ], Japanese [ 20 ], East Indian, Chinese [ 21 ], and Chilean [ 8 ] children. In these studies, the variability of the MEF was clearly visible between these pediatric populations from different parts of the world.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…In the present study, altitude played a key role in the mechanical properties of the respiratory muscles, as the students in this research presented lower body size than their low altitude counterparts in Spain, Italy, and Chile [ 6 , 7 , 8 ]. Furthermore, other studies focusing on moderate altitudes have shown that these populations tend to present a slight delay in growth and somatic maturation [ 13 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, it was expected that the children and adolescents from Arequipa would present some delay in physical growth. As a result, this could reflect smaller MEF values than those of their peers from Spain, Italy, and Chile [ 6 , 7 , 8 ]. Thus, body size plays an important role in the mechanical properties of the respiratory muscles, such as the diaphragm, intercostals, abdominals, and accessories (scalenes, sternocleidomastoids, and intercostals).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering that the MEF may vary according to age and sex, especially between geographic regions. To compare the MEF references between geographic regions, percentiles proposed by age and sex from Italy [ 7 ], Spain [ 6 ], and Chile [ 8 ] were used. In all cases, percentile 50 was the reference for comparison.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, during the past few years, researchers from various international studies have been interested in developing references for MEF for children and adolescents [ 6 , 7 , 8 ]. Moreover, some have given priority to proposing equations for predicting MEF values [ 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maximum Expiratory Flow of Children and Adolescents Living at Moderate Altitudes: Proposed Reference Values

et al. 2021

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(1) Background: Spirometry is useful for diagnosing and monitoring many respiratory diseases. The objectives were: (a) compare maximum expiratory flow (MEF) values with those from international studies, (b) determine if MEF should be evaluated by chronological age and/or maturity, (c) develop reference norms for children, and adolescents. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed with 3900 subjects ages 6.0 and 17.9 years old. Weight, standing height, sitting height, and MEF were measured. Length of the lower limbs, body mass index (BMI), and age of peak height velocity growth (APHV) were calculated. (3) Results: Values for the curves (p50) for females of all ages from Spain and Italy were higher (92 to 382 (L/min)) than those for females from Arequipa (Peru). Curve values for males from Spain and Italy were greater [70 to 125 (L/min)] than the males studied. MEF values were similar to those of Chilean students ages 6 to 11. However, from 12 to 17 years old, values were lower in males (25 to 55 (L/min)) and in females (23.5 to 90 (L/min)). Correlations between chronological age and MEF in males were from (r = 0.68, R2 = 0.39) and in females from (r = 0.46, R2 = 0.21). Correlations between maturity (APHV) and MEF for males were from (r = 0.66, R2 = 0.44) and for females (r = 0.51, R2 = 0.26). Percentiles were calculated for chronological age and APHV. Conclusion: Differences occurred in MEF when compared with other geographical regions of the world. We determined that maturity may be a more effective indicator for analyzing MEF. Reference values were generated using chronological age and maturity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maximum Expiratory Flow of Children and Adolescents Living at Moderate Altitudes: Proposed Reference Values

et al. 2021

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Equações de referência disponíveis mundialmente para o pico de fluxo expiratório em crianças e adolescentes: uma revisão sistemática

Bagatini¹,

Schiwe²,

Heinzmann‐Filho³

2022

ASSOBRAFIR Ciênc

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Artigo de RevisãoEste é um artigo publicado em acesso aberto (Open Access) e distribuído sob a licença Creative Commons Attribution NonComercial ShareAlike License, que permite uso, distribuição e reprodução em qualquer meio, sem restrições desde que sem fins comerciais e que o trabalho original seja corretamente citado e de forma que não indique endosso ao trabalho feito. Adicionalmente, qualquer trabalho derivado deverá ser publicado sob a mesma licença. ResumoIntrodução: Existem diversas equações de referência para o pico de fluxo expiratório (PFE) na população pediátrica. Objetivo: Revisar equações de referência disponíveis na literatura científica para o PFE em crianças e adolescentes. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática, conduzida nas bases de dados PubMed, Scielo, Lilacs e PEDro. Foram incluídos estudos que geraram equações de referência ao redor do mundo para o PFE em crianças e adolescentes saudáveis. A estratégia de busca foi baseada na combinação dos descritores: Reference Values; Normal Value; Peak Expiratory Flow; Maximum expiratory flow; Pediatrics. A qualidade metodológica foi avaliada pela escala Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies. Resultados: De um total de 487 artigos, apenas 13 foram incluídos. Grande parte deles foi conduzida (7/13) no continente Asiático. As amostras totalizaram 14.969 participantes (idade: 4-18 anos). O exame clínico (7/13) foi o método mais frequente para a definição do status de saudável. Quase todos eles (9/13) utilizaram o equipamento Mini-Wright ® , realizando até 03 mensurações (9/13) e utilizando o maior valor obtido de PFE (10/13). Embora exista oscilação nas fórmulas preditivas, 13/13 estudos apresentaram as equações baseadas na altura e 11/13 separadas pelo sexo. As fórmulas de referência explicaram entre 18% e 76% os valores do PFE, obtendo as melhores predições nos trabalhos do Continente Asiático. A qualidade metodológica foi considerada adequada (12/13). Conclusão: Apesar da variabilidade observada nas equações de referência, a altura e sexo apresentaram maior influência na predição dos valores do PFE. Ainda se fazem necessários valores de referência em diversas localidades do mundo.

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Are anthropometric characteristics powerful markers to predict the Cooper Run Test? Actual Caucasian data

Azzali

Bellato

Giuriato

et al. 2023

PeerJ

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Background Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a powerful marker of cardiovascular health, especially in youth. Several field tests can provide accurate measurement of CRF, the Cooper Run Test (CRT) is generally preferred by physical education (PE) teachers and trainers. The CRT performance in adolescents has been compared to reference distance values, gender and age but the differences among the anthropometric characteristics of youth has not been evaluated. For these reasons, the aim of this study was to develop reference standards for CRT and evaluate possible correlations between biometric measurements and athletic performance. Methods This cross-sectional study involved a total of 9,477 children (4,615 girls) aged 11–14 years, freely recruited from North Italian middle schools. Mass, height and CRT performances were assessed in the morning during PE classes as scheduled (mornings-Monday to Friday). The anthropometric measures were collected at least 20 min before the CRT run test. Results We found a better CRT result in boys (p < 0.001), however a smaller SD in girls suggested a more homogeneous aerobic performance for girls (i.e., 371.12 m vs 282.00 m). In addition, the Shapiro-Wilk test showed a low p-value (p < 0.001) but the effect size (0.031 for boys and 0.022 for girls) was small enough that the correction on this parameter allows a practical assumption of normality for the distributions. A visual homoskedastic distribution in both sexes is evident for both body mass index (BMI), mass and VO2 peak with respect to CRT results. In addition, there were low linear correlation coefficients for both BMI, mass and VO2 peak compared to the CRT results, with a R2 < 0.5 for every covariate. The only visual heteroskedastic distribution was observed in regression between distance in CRT and age at peak high velocity. Conclusions Our findings suggested that anthropometric characteristics are not powerful markers to predict Cooper Run Test results in a well-mixed, unpolarized and unbiased pool of middle school boys and girls. PE teachers and trainers should prefer endurance tests over the use of indirect formulas to predict performance.

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Reference norms for evaluating maximum expiratory flow of children and adolescents of the Maule Region in Chile

Cited by 3 publications

References 33 publications

Maximum Expiratory Flow of Children and Adolescents Living at Moderate Altitudes: Proposed Reference Values

Maximum Expiratory Flow of Children and Adolescents Living at Moderate Altitudes: Proposed Reference Values

Equações de referência disponíveis mundialmente para o pico de fluxo expiratório em crianças e adolescentes: uma revisão sistemática

Are anthropometric characteristics powerful markers to predict the Cooper Run Test? Actual Caucasian data

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