Reference Correlation of the Viscosity of Propane

Abstract

A new representation of the viscosity of propane includes a zero-density correlation and an initial-density dependence correlation based on the kinetic theory of dilute gases and on the Rainwater–Friend theory. The higher density contributions of the residual viscosity in the representation are formed by a combination of double polynomials in density and reciprocal temperature, and a free-volume term with a temperature-dependent close-packed density. The full surface correlation is based on a set of primary experimental data selected as a result of a critical assessment of the available information from 37 original viscosity studies. The review refers to 96 citations altogether. The validity of the representation extends from the triple point to 600 K and 100 MPa in accordance with the modified Benedict–Webb–Rubin equation of state. The uncertainty of the representation varies from ±0.4% for the viscosity of the dilute gas phase between room temperature and 600 K, to about ±2.5% for the range 100–475 K up to about 30 MPa, and to about ±4% for points outside this range. Tables of the viscosity according to the representative equations at selected temperatures and pressures and along the saturation line provide easy reference as well as the validation of computer codes.

Intermolecular potential energy surface and thermophysical properties of the CH4–N2 system

“…5. At higher temperatures, as expected, 55 positive deviations of up to 1.2% from the calculated values are found.…”

“…However, it is known that the viscometer used by Kestin and Ro suffered from a design flaw concerning the temperature measurement using thermocouples, which resulted in viscosity values that are systematically too high above room temperature. 55 Thus, the uncertainty of their data at temperatures higher than room temperature is more likely to be around 1%. In principle, an exact comparison requires correcting these data for the initial density dependence of the viscosity.…”

Reference Correlation of the Viscosity of meta-Xylene from 273 to 673 K and up to 200 MPa

“…94 The enhancement is significant only in a relative narrow window in temperature and density round the critical point. 2,7 Based on the previous studies, 3,5,6,[8][9][10][11][12][13][15][16][17][18] the viscosity critical enhancement of m-xylene is taken as zero. The total lack of industrial applications of m-xylene near its critical temperature and the existence of an only single experimental viscosity datum 39 further supports this choice.…”

“…This information is complemented with guidance available from theory to produce accurate, consistent, and theoretically sound representations of the transport properties over the widest range of thermodynamic states possible. The first fluid studied in this program was carbon dioxide 2 and since then a plethora of viscosity correlations have been produced, using the same philosophy, covering among others: simple fluids, 3-5 alkanes [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] and water. 14 Recently the work has been extended to cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons.…”

The influence of liquefied natural gas composition on its behavior as a coolant

“…Hence, the dilute gas part of the viscosity model presented in [27] and of the thermal conductivity model presented in [28] have been considered to evaluate µ i,0 and k i,0 for propane.…”