Reference Architectures for the Internet of Things

Weyrich, Michael; Ebert, Christof

doi:10.1109/ms.2016.20

Cited by 362 publications

(163 citation statements)

References 1 publication

(1 reference statement)

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“…In this section, a review about IoT architectures is presented highlighting which issues should be considered by an IoT architectural proposal. As claimed in [1,4], most of the architectural specifications used at the initial stages of IoT research were structured into three layers, each layer being related to one of the three main IoT paradigms or perspectives [5]:…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Internet of things (IoT), also known as Internet of everything or cyber-physical systems [1], can be considered a new computing paradigm [2][3][4] that encompasses a great amount of technologies that promotes its vision [2] in a disruptive way [5]. IoT can lead to a modern society where people and things are virtually integrated with information systems via wireless sensors [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Microservice-Based Framework for Developing Internet of Things and People Applications

Macías

Navarro

González

2019

13th International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing and Ambient ‪Intelligence UCAmI 2019‬

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The Internet of things (IoT) is characterized by billions of heterogeneous, distributed, and intelligent objects-both from the digital and the physical worlds-running applications and services. Objects are connected through heterogeneous platforms providing support for the collection and management of data that need to be understood. Since IoT systems are composed by a variety of objects and services, a key aspect for engineering them is their architecture. The new paradigm called Internet of people (IoP) is not unaware of this need. In IoP, humans play an important role so that design considering aspects as context becomes critical for making the most of these applications. This work presents a context-aware, serverless, microservice-based, and cloudcentric framework for the Internet of things and people (IoT-P) applications that extends the threelayer classic IoT reference architecture. It integrates most of the aspects considered by the architecture of IoT solutions emerging from different perspectives, being also domain independent. This work focuses on the application paradigm of IoT neglected by most proposals. This framework, combined with a previous work, offers a higher separation of concerns (SoC) degree than other proposals, by splitting the application layer into different sublayers or subsystems based on their responsibilities and tracing atomic components to serverless microservices, to facilitate the design, development, and deployment of IoT-P applications. An IoT-P application in the healthcare domain is presented to illustrate how this framework can be put into practice.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Microservice-Based Framework for Developing Internet of Things and People Applications

Macías

Navarro

González

2019

13th International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing and Ambient ‪Intelligence UCAmI 2019‬

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The architecture of systems based on IoT and wireless sensor networks is similar to other software architectures or information systems, but with the particularity of remote identification, sensorization, and control of remote objects using devices that embed sensors and actuators [5]. There has been an attempt to standardize the development of IoT-based architectures, but it is still a highly fragmented [6] field, mainly to formalize how to sensor and control objects that provide information, but without success. This seriously affects safety aspects and can compromise the processed information and the strategies derived from this information processing [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributed Key Management to Secure IoT Wireless Sensor Networks in Smart-Agro

Hussein

Ramos

Bermejo

2020

Sensors

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With the deepening of the research and development in the field of embedded devices, the paradigm of the Internet of things (IoT) is gaining momentum. Its technology's widespread applications increasing the number of connected devices constantly. IoT is built on sensor networks, which are enabling a new variety of solutions for applications in several fields (health, industry, defense, agrifood and agro sectors, etc.). Wireless communications are indispensable for taking full advantage of sensor networks but implies new requirements in the security and privacy of communications. Security in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is a major challenge for extending IoT applications, in particular those related to the smart-agro. Moreover, limitations on processing capabilities of sensor nodes, and power consumption have made the encryption techniques devised for conventional networks not feasible. In such scenario, symmetric-key ciphers are preferred for key management in WSN; key distribution is therefore an issue. In this work, we provide a concrete implementation of a novel scalable group distributed key management method and a protocol for securing communications in IoT systems used in the smart agro sector, based on elliptic curve cryptography, to ensure that information exchange between layers of the IoT framework is not affected by sensor faults or intentional attacks. In this sense, each sensor node executes an initial key agreement, which is done through every member's public information in just two rounds and uses some authenticating information that avoids external intrusions. Further rekeying operations require just a single message and provide backward and forward security.

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“…Due to the instrinsic complexity, it is good practice to look at architectural references. IoT have five main requirements in general basis [30]: 1) Enable communication and connectivity between devices and data processing; 2) Establish a mechanism to manage devices, including tasks such as adding or deleting devices, updating software and configurations; 3) Gather all the data produced by the devices and then analyze them to provide a meaningful perspective to the companies or users; 4) Facilitate scalability to handle the increased flow of "data pipes" (hereinafter referred to as data pipelines) and the flow of data, and handle an increasing number of devices; 5) Protect the data by adding the necessary functions to provide privacy and trust between the devices and the users. Table 1 shows the summary of the various multi-layer architectures found in the literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection of IoT Platform with Multi-Criteria Analysis: Defining Criteria and Experts to Interview

Contreras-Masse¹,

Ochoa-Zezzatti²,

García³

et al. 2019

RCS

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Industry 4.0 is having a great impact in all industries. This is not a unique product, but is composed of several technologies. IoT is a key intelligent factor that allows factories to act intelligently. By adding sensors and actuators to the objects, the object becomes intelligent because it can interact with people, other objects, generate data, generate transactions and react to the environment data. Currently there are very varied implementation options offered by several companies, and this imposes a new challenge to companies that want to implement IoT in their processes. The decision processes that companies must follow should not be free will or by hunches, since this contradicts a methodology and would make the decision process unrepeatable and unjustifiable. Decisions must be supported by methods that consider pros and cons of plural points of view that affect the decision process. With a wide range of IoT platforms, which are not directly comparable to each other, it seems that Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) can be useful to help companies make a decision on what platform to implement, depending on the circumstances prevailing in each company at the time to make the choice. This article shows the complexity of selecting an IoT platform and provides the key decision criteria that must be taken into account when evaluating IoT Platforms alternatives.

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Reference Architectures for the Internet of Things

Cited by 362 publications

References 1 publication

A Microservice-Based Framework for Developing Internet of Things and People Applications

A Microservice-Based Framework for Developing Internet of Things and People Applications

Distributed Key Management to Secure IoT Wireless Sensor Networks in Smart-Agro

Selection of IoT Platform with Multi-Criteria Analysis: Defining Criteria and Experts to Interview

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