Reendothelialization of Human Heart Valve Neoscaffolds Using Umbilical Cord-Derived Endothelial Cells

Building New Hearts: A Review of Trends in Cardiac Tissue Engineering

“…They found that the cells remained viable for more than a week, suggesting that complete fabrication of the aortic valve with viable cells may be feasible. Studies of decellularized aortic tissue have shown that it is possible to maintain the morphological and functional characteristics of the scaffold during the decellularization process (5,12,13,19). These studies have also evaluated the potential for recellularizing these scaffolds with various cell types.…”

“…These studies have also evaluated the potential for recellularizing these scaffolds with various cell types. Early in vitro studies have indicated good cell attachment and proliferation with human umbilical vein endothelial cells and human bloodderived endothelial progenitor cells (13,19). Moreover, in vivo studies have shown that the inflammatory response and the occurrence of calcification are decreased with decellularized scaffold implants versus cryopreserved implants (5,12).…”

Histological and Mechanical Assessment of Decellularized Porcine Biografts, and Its Biological Evaluation following Aortic Implantation during Mid-Term Follow-Up

“…Ionic detergents, such as SDS, Na-azide or nonionic detergents, for example Triton X-100, are widely known and frequently used compounds appreciated for their effectiveness in cell and cellular material removal, including maintenance of the ECM structure. In the case of inadequate decellularization, enzymatic procedures can complete the process; however, it was shown to be far too aggressive in some studies, causing mild to moderate tissue damage [7]. It is well known in scientific and medical research circles, that potential and varying combinations of decellularization methodologies are not perfectly successful in the removal of all cellular components; however, diminishing this content as much as possible without significant damage in the scaffold may result in a higher success rate following implantation [7].…”

“…Aortic segments were decellularized through continuous shaking in 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS; Sigma-Aldrich Chemie Gmbh, Steinheim, Germany), and 0.05% sodium azide (NaN 3 ; Alfa Aesar Gmbh & Co, Karlsruhe, Germany), in PBS (Sigma-Aldrich Chemie Gmbh, Steinheim, Germany), at room temperature, for 48 h. The solution was exchanged every 6 h. At the end of the decellularization protocol, the aortic segments were washed using PBS for 12 h to effectively remove residual detergents and cell debris [6, 7]. …”

“…Following implantation, host cells migrate into and proliferate in the implanted graft’s scaffold, and, consequently, the “harmful” immune response will not develop against the new tissue [1, 2, 5]. Throughout the published literature on this topic, several methods (physical, chemical, enzymatic) were found to achieve complete decellularization; however, there are several differencees among the methodologies, including mechanical properties, cell removal effectiveness and structure-preserving ability [1, 2, 4-7]. Thus, effective, widespread materials and techniques were assessed to select the ideal procedure for subsequent implantation, in consideration and with respect to mechanical evaluation and histological examinations.…”