Reductive surfactant-assisted one-step fabrication of a BiOI/BiOIO₃ heterojunction biophotocatalyst for enhanced photodynamic theranostics overcoming tumor hypoxia

Abstract

Biocompatible BiOI/BiOIO3 heterostructure nanocomposites were fabricated through a one-step hydrothermal method assisted by a reductive surfactant: trithiol-terminated poly-(methacrylic acid).

Conquering the Hypoxia Limitation for Photodynamic Therapy

“…[ 29,275 ] PSs for Type‐I PDT should possess good electron donating ability with low oxidation potential. [ 29,274 ] Many Type‐I PDT agents have been developed ( Table 5 ), including metal oxide‐based nanomaterials, [ 253,255,277–279 ] carbon‐based nanomaterials, [ 258,280–281 ] heterostructure nanomaterials, [ 260–262 ] supramolecular nanomaterials, [ 265–266 ] hybrid nanomaterials, [ 268–269 ] organic small molecule PSs, [ 157,271–273,282 ] and other materials. [ 283 ]…”

Recent Advances in Strategies for Addressing Hypoxia in Tumor Photodynamic Therapy

“…Because of the oxygen-independent property of type I PDT, a variety of materials were designed and prepared to regulate the PDT mechanism and enhance type I PDT [ 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 ]. It is recognized that for the majority of photosensitizers, type I and II pathways typically exist simultaneously but competitively [ 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 ].…”

Cancer photo-immunotherapy: from bench to bedside

“…In addition, new PSs have been developed that are capable of absorbing two photons of long-wavelength light 68 . At present, due to improvements in second- and third-generation photosensitizers, such as biocompatible BiOI/BiOIO 3 heterostructure nanocomposites (BB NCs), and nanoscale metal-organic frameworks (nMOFs), an increasing number of trials are underway to improve the feasibility and efficacy of PDT 16 , 69 - 71 . PDT with appropriate photosensitizers and light doses can enhance antitumor immune responses by releasing antigens and danger signals, supporting the combination of PDT with immunotherapy 72 .…”