Reduction of Vehicle Exhaust Emissions from Diesel Engines Using the Whale Concept Filter

Pilusa, Tsietsi J.; Mollagee, Mansoor; Muzenda, Edison

doi:10.4209/aaqr.2012.04.0100

Cited by 82 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…The mass flow rate and mole fractions of each exhaust component, and the chemical reactions of combustion were obtained by using molecular weight and emission measurement results which were converted into g/kWh units. Multipliers (35.91, 63.47) were used at the stage of converting from % unit to the g/kWh unit of CO and CO 2 emissions [24]:…”

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confidence: 99%

Energy and Exergy Analyses of a Diesel Engine Fuelled with Biodiesel-Diesel Blends Containing 5% Bioethanol

Kul

Kahraman

2016

Entropy

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Abstract:In this study, energy and exergy analysis were performed for a single cylinder, water-cooled diesel engine using biodiesel, diesel and bioethanol blends. Each experiment was performed at twelve different engine speeds between 1000 and 3000 rev/min at intervals of 200 rev/min for four different fuel blends. The fuel blends, prepared by mixing biodiesel and diesel in different proportions fuel with 5% bioethanol, are identified as D92B3E5 (92% diesel, 3% biodiesel and 5% bioethanol), D85B10E5 (85% diesel, 10% biodiesel and 5% bioethanol), D80B15E5(80% diesel, 15% biodiesel and 5% bioethanol) and D75B20E5 (75% diesel, 20% biodiesel and 5% bioethanol). The effect of blends on energy and exergy analysis was investigated for the different engine speeds and all the results were compared with effect of D100 reference fuel. The maximum thermal efficiencies obtained were 31.42% at 1500 rev/min for D100 and 31.42%, 28.68%, 28.1%, 28% and 27.18% at 1400 rev/min, respectively, for D92B3E5, D85B10E5, D80B15E5, D75B20E5. Maximum exergetic efficiencies were also obtained as 29.38%, 26.8%, 26.33%, 26.15% and 25.38%, respectively, for the abovementioned fuels. As a result of our analyses, it was determined that D100 fuel has a slightly higher thermal and exergetic efficiency than other fuel blends and all the results are quite close to each other.

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confidence: 99%

Energy and Exergy Analyses of a Diesel Engine Fuelled with Biodiesel-Diesel Blends Containing 5% Bioethanol

Kul

Kahraman

2016

Entropy

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“…In addition, gas temperature (ºC) values were collected using a type k thermocouple. To transform the unit to g kWh -1 , the equations presented by Pilusa et al (2012) were used.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of air and fuel supercharging on emissions from an agricultural engine

et al. 2018

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Pollutant gases emitted by engines depend mainly on the applied load and engine speed. This study quantifies the emissions of pollutant gases from a diesel-cycle engine, while changing the configuration of the air and fuel supply system. We analyzed the variables particulate matter (g kWh -1 ), carbon monoxide (g kWh -1 ), nitrogen oxides (g kWh -1 ), oxygen (%vol.) and hydrocarbons (g kWh -1 ), in different engine configurations (aspirated; aspirated + service; turbocharged + service; and turbocharged). Dynamometric experiments were carried out by means of the power take-off of an agricultural tractor. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a two-factorial scheme with three replicates. The results indicate that engine supercharging, compared to the original configuration, significantly reduces the particulate matter of gases and carbon monoxide, but increases the levels of nitrogen oxides emitted. The load applied to the engine was directly related to the emissions, except for oxygen. ResumoOs gases poluentes emitidos pelo motor dependem, principalmente, da carga aplicada e de sua rotação de trabalho. Objetivou-se quantificar as emissões de gases poluentes de um motor ciclo Diesel, alterando a configuração do sistema de alimentação de ar e de combustível. As variáveis analisadas foram material particulado (g kWh -1 ), monóxido de carbono (g kWh -1 ), óxidos de nitrogênio (g kWh -1 ), oxigênio (% vol.) e hidrocarbonetos (g kWh -1 ) em diferentes configurações do motor (aspirado, aspirado + serviço, turboalimentado + serviço e turboalimentado). Foram realizados experimentos dinamométricos por meio da tomada de potência de um trator agrícola. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema bifatorial, com três repetições. Os resultados indicam que a sobrealimentação do motor, em relação à configuração original, proporciona redução significativa de material particulado dos gases e do monóxido de carbono, porém aumento dos níveis de óxidos de nitrogênio emitidos. A carga aplicada ao motor esteve diretamente relacionada às emissões, exceto para oxigênio.Palavras-chave adicionais: bomba injetora; gases de efeito estufa; trator agrícola; turbocompressor.

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“…On the other hand B2 had decreased HC emissions while B2-But20 and B2-But20-W0.5 had an increased HC emission compared to base diesel. The lower BTE of the blends may lead to higher HC and CO emissions but this can be solve this problem countered using tailpipe catalysts and absorbers (Pilusa et al, 2012). Actually, Yilmaz et al (2014) in their recent study noted that addition of butanol fractions to fuel lead to increased HC emissions because butanol has a low cetane number that favors incomplete combustion resulting from delayed ignition and short combustion periods.…”

Section: Pollutant Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microalgae Oil: Algae Cultivation and Harvest, Algae Residue Torrefaction and Diesel Engine Emissions Tests

Mwangi

Lee

Whang

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Microalgae can be used as a biological photocatalyst to reduce the CO 2 levels in the atmosphere, with the advantage of not competing with food crops for arable land, and thus offer a potential method for limiting climate change. Microalgae have also been proposed as a sustainable fuel source. This study investigated the microalgae harvest yields, the thermogravimetric behavior of both microalgae oil and microalgae residue, the torrefaction of microalgae residue, and diesel engine tests using diesel-microalgae biodiesel blends. The mean annual harvest rate of microalgae oil in open ponds was found to be 4355 kg per 10000 m 2 . Compared with conventional diesel, the fuel blends -B2 (2% microalgae biodiesel + 98% conventional diesel), B2-But20 (B2 + 20% Butanol) and B2-But20-W0.5 (B2-But20 + 0.5% water) showed a reduction of 22.0%, 57.2%, and 59.5% in PM emissions, and a decrease of 17.7%, 31.4% and 40.7% in BaPeq emissions, while B2-But20 and B2-But20-W0.5 had reduced NO x emissions, of approximately 25.0% and 28.2%, respectively, but B2 showed a 2.0% increase in NO x emissions. Conversely, the addition of water and butanol fractions in diesel increases HC and CO emissions, although these can be easily removed using tailpipe catalysts and absorbers. In addition, torrefaction of microalgae residue results in solid, liquid and gas products. This study is the first of its kind to report the liquid compositions from the torrefaction of microalgae residue. The condensate liquid products contained glucose molecules like 1,4:3,6-Dianhydro-α-d-glucopyranose, and furfural, limonene, pyridine, levoglucosan, and aziridine, among others. These compounds can be utilized as microalgae value added products, and applied in specialty industries as pharmaceutical, cosmetic, or solvent raw materials. Briefly, microalgae not only offer benefits in reducing CO 2 from the atmosphere or providing raw materials for biodiesel production, but microalgae residue can also be treated via torrefaction to produce biochar. Based on the results of this study, more research is recommended on the economic potential of using both solid and liquid products from microalgae torrefaction.

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Reduction of Vehicle Exhaust Emissions from Diesel Engines Using the Whale Concept Filter

Cited by 82 publications

References 10 publications

Energy and Exergy Analyses of a Diesel Engine Fuelled with Biodiesel-Diesel Blends Containing 5% Bioethanol

Energy and Exergy Analyses of a Diesel Engine Fuelled with Biodiesel-Diesel Blends Containing 5% Bioethanol

Effect of air and fuel supercharging on emissions from an agricultural engine

Microalgae Oil: Algae Cultivation and Harvest, Algae Residue Torrefaction and Diesel Engine Emissions Tests

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