Reduction of trachoma in a sub-Saharan village in absence of a disease control programme

Dolin, Paul; Faal, Hannah; Johnson, George; Minassian, Darwin; Sowa, S; Day, Simon; Ajewole, J; Mohamed, AA; Foster, Allen

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(97)01355-x

Cited by 81 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The findings are consistent with the studies from Egypt, The Gambia, Ethiopia, East Africa, and Benin (Courtright et al 1991;Dolin et al 1997;Tumwine et al 2003;Admassu et al 2004;Jenkins 2004) which also showed that the latrine adoption was linked to factors associated with convenience, privacy, easy access, and social status.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The latrine cost might also have been a limiting factor for the poorest families to build their own latrine. Some studies have found a link between latrine ownership and household's socio-economical status (Daniels et al 1990;Courtright et al 1991;Dolin et al 1997;Tumwine et al 2003;Admassu et al 2004;Jenkins 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Household latrine use and hygiene behaviors are influenced by cultural beliefs and norms and socio-economic factors (Curtis et al 1995;Dolin et al 1997;Schemann et al 2002;Admassu et al 2004;Jenkins 2004). Understanding the influences of these factors on hygiene practices will help trachoma control programs to respond to the needs of trachoma-endemic communities to make latrine promotion more socially and culturally acceptable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Household latrine use, maintenance and acceptability in rural Zinder, Niger

Diallo

Hopkins

Kane

et al. 2007

International Journal of Environmental Health Research

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We conducted a survey in rural Niger to assess use, maintenance and acceptability of household latrines one year after a subsidized promotion project. Standard interviews were conducted with 200 randomly selected project participants and a visual latrine inspection. Before the project, 21.5% (43/200) of households had latrines. After the first year, 100% of these households had at least one latrine. Overall, 2577 household latrines were built in the 50 targeted villages. Latrines were 'always' used by 92.5% of adults and 55% of children in the households. The latrines were adequately maintained: superstructure 93%, covers 74.5%, clean 70%. The main perceived advantages of latrine ownership were proximity/easy access (59.5%) and privacy (22.5%). The project demonstrated that the implementation of a household latrine promotion project is acceptable and feasible in rural Niger. Future promotion projects may develop local sanitation expertise and focus on perceived benefits--proximity and privacy--rather than health.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Household latrine use, maintenance and acceptability in rural Zinder, Niger

Diallo

Hopkins

Kane

et al. 2007

International Journal of Environmental Health Research

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“…One study found that the prevalence of active trachoma had decreased from 66% to 4% between 1959 and 1987 in a single Gambian village. Because there had been only a modest program of antibiotic administration in 1959-1961, the authors attributed the decline to trends independent of the active trachoma program [18]. Similarly, another recent report found that the average prevalence of active trachoma among children in a district in Malawi had decreased from 37% to 14% between 1983 and 1999 in the absence of organized distribution of antibiotics [19].…”

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confidence: 99%

Disappearance of Trachoma from Western Nepal

et al. 2002

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We assessed how much of the observed decline in the prevalence of trachoma in a district of Western Nepal was due to an antibiotic treatment program and how much to an underlying secular trend outside of the program. Although antibiotic treatments clearly have an effect at 6 months, we were unable to show that this effect persisted at 12 months; in fact, long-term gains may be due to a secular trend in the area.

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“…[40][41][42] Trachoma has also been shown to disappear where water has bed d come available, even in the absence of an antibioticdbased control programme. 43,44 Provision of water sources is a compod d nent of a few national programmes, such as that in Morocco, but the perceived high cost makes it unattainable for most. Improving access to safe drinking water is included in Millennium Development Goal 7, 45 and national programmes are using this goal to ensure that water prod d vision is prioritized for communities where trachoma is endemic.…”

Section: Facial Cleanliness and Envi--ronmental Improvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

The SAFE stragety for trachoma control: using operational research for policy, planning and implementation

Emerson

Burton

Solomon

et al. 2006

Bull World Health Organ

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Trachoma is a neglected disease and also the world's leading infectious cause of blindness. It causes misery, dependency and is a barrier to development. Trachoma is controlled by a WHO-endorsed integrated strategy of surgery for trichiasis, antibiotic therapy, facial cleanliness and environmental improvement, which is known by the acronym SAFE. The strategy is based on evidence from field trials and is continually being refined by operational research that informs national policy and planning; the strategy has affected both programme delivery and implementation. As a result of the findings of operational research, surgery is now frequently conducted by paramedics in communities rather than by ophthalmologists in hospitals; yearly mass distribution of a single oral dose of azithromycin has replaced the use of topical tetracycline; and the promotion of better hygiene, face-washing and the use of latrines are used to reduce transmission. Those who implement programmes have been equal partners in conducting operational research thus reducing the "know-do" gap and minimizing the lag that often exists between the completion of trials and putting their results into practice. Operational research has become a part of practice. Although there are still many questions without answers, national programme coordinators have a reasonable expectation that trachoma control programmes based on SAFE will work. Voir page 617 le résumé en français. En la página 618 figura un resumen en español.

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Reduction of trachoma in a sub-Saharan village in absence of a disease control programme

Cited by 81 publications

References 4 publications

Household latrine use, maintenance and acceptability in rural Zinder, Niger

Household latrine use, maintenance and acceptability in rural Zinder, Niger

Disappearance of Trachoma from Western Nepal

The SAFE stragety for trachoma control: using operational research for policy, planning and implementation

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