Reduction of the Ex Vivo Production of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha by Alveolar Phagocytes After Administration of Coal Fly Ash and Copper Smelter Dust

Broeckaert, Fabrice; Buchet, J. P.; Huaux, F.; Lardot, C.; Lison, Dominique; Yager, Janice W.

doi:10.1080/009841097160168

Cited by 7 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…To assess whether arseniccontaining particles, coal fly ash (FA), and copper smelter dust (CU) may also alter AM-mediated TNF-a production, we administered intratracheally both particulates in mice. Broeckaert et al (1997) found that FA and CU significantly suppressed the LPS-stimulated production of TNF-a by cultured AM. It was hypothesized that suppression of TNF-a production was dependent upon the slow elimination of the particles and their arsenic content (and possibly other metals) from the lung.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Mice received a single intratracheal administration of particles normalized by the addition of WC particles for both the volume load (273 nl/mouse: FA L , CU L , and CU H groups; 880 nl/mouse: FA H group) and the arsenic content (186 ng arsenic/mouse: groups FA L and CU L ; 600 ng arsenic/mouse: groups FA H and CU H ). Previous studies have shown that WC can be considered as a toxicologically innocuous material (Broeckaert et al, 1997).…”

Section: Animal Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bronchoalveolar lavage was conducted according to the technique described previously (Broeckaert et al, 1997). Briefly, the lung was washed 4 times with 1.5 ml sterile saline each time.…”

Section: Bronchoalveolar Lavagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exposure to fly ash has been shown to enhance pulmonary infections in mice (Hatch et al, 1985), an effect that was attributed to soluble transition metals (Dreher et al, 1997). Previously, it was found (Broeckaert et al, 1997) that FA and copper smelter dust (CU) administered intratracheally in mice both suppressed TNF-a production by AM. Immunotoxicity was reversed upon elimination of the particulates, or at least their arsenic content, from the lung.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to take into account the possible effect of inorganic arsenic, the doses administered were standardized for their arsenic content (186 ng/mouse). For purposes of comparison with our previous study (Broeckaert et al, 1997), additional animals were treated with higher arsenic doses (600 ng/mouse), leading, however, to an overloading condition in the case of FA (FA H group). Our results show that at nonoverload condition CU particles can affect TNF-a secretion while FA does not.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coal Fly Ash-and Copper Smelter Dust-Induced Modulation of Ex Vivo Production of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha by Murine Macrophages: Effects of Metals and Overload

Broeckaert

Buchet²,

Delos³

et al. 1999

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A

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The objective of this study was to assess the effect of two arsenic-containing particles, coal fly ash (FA) and copper smelter dust (CU), on lung integrity and on the ex vivo release of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) by alveolar phagocytes. Particle effects were compared in nonoverload condition on the basis of a low but identical volume load and arsenic content intratracheally instilled in the mouse lung (273 nl/mouse and 186 ng arsenic/mouse; FAL and CUL groups). Other mice received 600 ng arsenic/mouse in amounts of particles leading to different volume loads (FAH and CUH groups: 880 and 273 nl/mouse, respectively). Animals were sacrificed at 1, 6, 30, or 120 d (FAL and CUL groups) or at 6 and 120 d posttreatment (FAH and CUH groups). Biochemical markers and inflammatory cell number and type were analyzed in bronchoalveolar lavage, ex vivo TNF-alpha production by alveolar phagocytes was assessed, and measurement of arsenic lung content and histopathological examinations were performed. Our results show that coal fly ash and copper smelter dust bear distinct inflammatory properties. At the end of the observation period (d 120), the high CU dose (CUH) produced a fibrotic reaction whereas the high dose of FA particles (FAH) generated a delayed and persistent lung inflammatory reaction associated with lymphoid noduli. Marked differences in TNF-alpha production were observed within the CU and FA groups. CU particles, conceivably through their metal content, decreased TNF-alpha production by alveolar phagocytes. Due to their low arsenic content, considerably higher FA particle doses needed to be administered to produce an inhibition of TNF-alpha production. Since high doses of FA (FAH) caused an overload condition, our results do not allow us to decide whether FA-mediated TNF-alpha reduction is due to the load administered or to the metallic content.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Animal Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bronchoalveolar lavage was conducted according to the technique described previously (Broeckaert et al, 1997). Briefly, the lung was washed 4 times with 1.5 ml sterile saline each time.…”

Section: Bronchoalveolar Lavagementioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coal Fly Ash-and Copper Smelter Dust-Induced Modulation of Ex Vivo Production of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha by Murine Macrophages: Effects of Metals and Overload

Broeckaert

Buchet²,

Delos³

et al. 1999

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A

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Dissolution behavior of metals from particulate matter emissions

Bérubé

2007

Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry

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Exposure to air particulate matter (PM) is linked to numerous health effects. In order to improve the understanding of the role of its metallic components, their solubility was examined by using serial short-contact dissolutions totalling 1 h and additional sequential contact periods of 1, 4, and 8 days.The dissolution experiments were performed in solutions containing the main biological electrolytes. ICPMS determinations were used to quantify the dissolved metals. The total compositions were determined after closed vessel microwave digestion. Large variations in the rate and completeness of the dissolutions were observed. Fast and extensive dissolutions within the short-contact time (e.g., Zn, Cd) as well as slow dissolutions persisting during the last contact period (e.g., Ni, Cu, Sb, Pb) were found for smelting emissions. The multi-element determinations also made it possible to identify relationships between dissolution of different metals and define gradual composition changes of residual PM. When comparing with dissolutions performed in de-ionized water, similar major fractions were observed at short-contact time for minor components of smelting or combustion emissions (e.g., V, Ni, Cd), suggesting a preponderance of easily available forms at the surface of the relatively inert particle cores. The use of these time sequential methods may help in (1) modeling metal partitioning in biological media and (2) investigating the causes of adverse effects attributed to air PM.

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Pathological and Immunological Effects of Respirable Coal Fly Ash in Male Wistar Rats

Dormans

1999

Inhalation Toxicology

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In this study the effects of inhalatory exposure to coal fly ash on lung pathology and the immune system in rats were examined. Rats were exposed to 0, 10, 30, or 100 mg/m(3) coal fly ash (6 h/day, 5 days/wk) for 4 wk, or to 0 and 100 mg/m(3) for 1 wk, and for 1 wk followed by a recovery in clean air of 3 wk. A concentration-related increase in lung weight was found starting from 30 mg/m(3) coal fly ash. After exposure to 100 mg/m(3), a time-related deposition of free particles in the lungs was observed as well as a time-related number of coal fly ash particles phagocytized in alveolar macrophages. Histological examination revealed increased cellularity in alveolar septa, consisting mainly of mononuclear cell infiltrate, proliferated type II cells, and a slight fibrotic reaction. After a recovery period of 3 wk the histological picture was identical to that after 1 wk of exposure, indicating no significant recovery. No toxicological significant changes were found in the hematological, clinical chemistry, or urine parameters. Effects both on nonspecific defense mechanisms and on specific immune responses were noted. With regard to the immune function in the draining lymph nodes of the lung, a significantly increased number of both T and B lymphocytes was observed. The ratio of both cell types was not changed in either of the groups. In serum of exposed rats a significant increase of up to 150% of the immunoglobulin A (IgA) content was found. The number and phagocytic capacity of macrophages were significantly increased, while the killing of Listeria bacteria per cell ex vivo/in vitro remained unchanged. Natural killer (NK) activity in pulmonary cell suspensions was slightly stimulated in rats exposed for 4 wk to 10 and 30 mg/m(3), whereas an exposure to 100 mg/m(3) resulted in a slight decrease; however, both changes were not significant. In conclusion, the alterations in lung histopathology and immunity, observed in a dose and exposure time relation at concentrations up to and including 100 mg/m(3) coal fly ash, may be considered an adverse response of the host to inhalation of particulate matter. Whether these observed alterations may effect the host resistance must be learned from infection studies.

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Reduction of the Ex Vivo Production of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha by Alveolar Phagocytes After Administration of Coal Fly Ash and Copper Smelter Dust

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Coal Fly Ash-and Copper Smelter Dust-Induced Modulation of Ex Vivo Production of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha by Murine Macrophages: Effects of Metals and Overload

Coal Fly Ash-and Copper Smelter Dust-Induced Modulation of Ex Vivo Production of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha by Murine Macrophages: Effects of Metals and Overload

Dissolution behavior of metals from particulate matter emissions

Pathological and Immunological Effects of Respirable Coal Fly Ash in Male Wistar Rats

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