The objective of the study described in this article was, first, to investigate the effect of the simultaneous application of near-infrared (NIR) heating and UV irradiation on inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat (RTE) sliced ham and as well as its effect on product quality and, second, to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the synergistic bactericidal action of NIR heating and UV irradiation. With the inoculation amounts used, simultaneous NIR-UV combined treatment for 70 s achieved 3.62, 4.17, and 3.43 log CFU reductions of E. coli O157:H7, S. Typhimurium, and L. monocytogenes, respectively. For all three pathogens, the simultaneous application of both technologies resulted in an additional log unit reduction as a result of their synergism compared to the sum of the reductions obtained after the individual treatments. To investigate the mechanisms of NIR-UV synergistic injury for a particular microorganism in a food base, we evaluated the effect of four types of metabolic inhibitors using the overlay method and confirmed that damage to cellular membranes and the inability of cells to repair these structures due to ribosomal damage were the primary factors related to the synergistic lethal effect. Additionally, NIR-UV combined treatment for a maximum of 70 s did not alter the color values or texture parameters of ham slices significantly (P > 0.05). These results suggest that a NIR-UV combined process could be an innovative antimicrobial intervention for RTE meat products. R eady-to-eat (RTE) meat products, especially precooked sliced ham, are widely sold in delicatessens and consumed in homes due to their convenience. However, deli meats have been identified to be high-risk products, as they are highly perishable and easily contaminated (1). Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes are the major causes of outbreaks and product recalls associated with contaminated delicatessen meats (2-5). Recent outbreaks of E. coli O157:H7 and S. Typhimurium infections in the United States resulted in a total of 311 cases, which were traced to precooked salami (3). L. monocytogenes is the most relevant pathogen in RTE meat products (6). A significant trend toward an increase in the incidence of listeriosis has been observed in many European countries, with deli meat products having the highest frequency of positive samples (7). L. monocytogenes has been listed in the top 5 highest-ranking pathogens regarding the total cost of foodborne illness in the United States (8), and deli meats have been reported to be the leading vehicle of foodborne listeriosis (6).In many recent studies, cross contamination during slicing has been suspected to be the mode of transmission of these three pathogens (3, 9-11). In other words, the most important route of sliced deli meat contamination is probably via contact with surfaces. Therefore, an additional superficial decontamination step may become nece...