Reduction of ore dilution when mining low-thickness ore bodies by means of artificial maintenance of the mined-out area

Abstract

Purpose. The research purpose is to study the effectiveness of artificial maintenance of the mined-out space based on the use of cable bolts to reduce the dilution coefficient when mining low-thickness ore bodies. Methods. Geotechnical mapping of the rock mass according to the Q, RMR, RQD and GSI rating classifications is conducted, as well as a linear survey of the fracture system in the hanging wall and footwall rocks is performed using a rock compass and the GEO ID application. Numerical analysis by the limit equilibrium method in the Unwedge software package is applied to determine the safety factor of a mass divided by fractures into wedges. Using a Schmidt test hammer, the uniaxial compressive strength of the mass rocks has been determined. The full-scale studies have been conducted using cable support in the conditions of the Akbakai deposit. Findings. It has been revealed that the footwall rocks are in a stable state, while the safety factor of the hanging wall rocks is 0.98, which requires artificial maintenance using cable bolts. The cable support parameters are calculated taking into account nonuniform distribution of horizontal and vertical stresses in the rock mass. It has been determined that when strengthening the hanging wall with cable bolts in inclined veins with a dip angle of up to 40º, the average ore dilution is 66.1%, and that of previously mined without fastening is 68.7%. In similar experiments in steep-dipping veins with a dip angle of more than 60º, dilution decreases from 62.8 to 48.7%. Originality. It has been revealed that in the conditions of the Akbakai deposit, cable fastening of the hanging wall rocks is effective at an ore deposit dip angle of more than 60º, at which the mined ore dilution coefficient decreases. Practical implications. The research results can be used to increase the stability of hanging wall rocks when mining low-thickness ore bodies with a sublevel caving system.

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“…By considering the geomechanical aspects of the mining system, including understanding destructive processes and implementing appropriate measures, the overall control over dilution can be enhanced [21], [22]. This, in turn, can positively impact the economic viability and efficiency of the mining operation.…”

Alternative uses for crushed stone products generated to meet the raw material needs of asphalt production in Hungary

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Shaping sustainable strategies of freight forwarding companies in the environment of the road transport market

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“…It should also be noted that the latest development of infor mation technologies and artificial intelligence allows the use of innovative tools to solve both classic and modern transport problems and tasks. Some of the most popular techniques used by scientists include: agentbased modeling and goal program ming [22,23]; a hybrid system for strategic planning, which integrates mathematical models with knowledge principles [9]; covariance analysis, discrete choice and latent class analysis [17,19]; tabu search heuristics [11]; deep and machine learning [8,[14][15][16]; mechanisms of fuzzy logic and simulated anneal ing [12]; methods based on the data of navigation services [21]; exploratory factor analysis [5]; innovative combination of intu itionistic fuzzy numbers with graphtheoretic and matrix ap proach [6]; models of commoditybased freight demand based on exogenous economic forecasts [24] and economics of trans action costs [8]; the theory of time windows [7], dynamic mea surements [25], digital image correlation method [26] and the Bayesian approach for model estimation [27,28].…”