Reduction of low grade iron ore pellet using palm kernel shell

Rashid, Rusila Zamani Abd; Salleh, Hamzah Mohd.; Ani, Mohd Hanafi; Yunus, Nor Alafiza; Akiyama, Tomohiro; Purwanto, Hadi

doi:10.1016/j.renene.2013.09.046

Cited by 97 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…[13][14][15][16] This process provides an advanced utilization opportunity for the high volatile coals as well as biomass materials. [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] Gupta et al 17) have investigated the behavior of water hyacinth char addition in iron ore pellet. The results shown that the biomass char could be a potential for making iron ore pellet.…”

Section: Experiments and Kinetic Modeling For Reduction Of Ferric Oximentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hayashi et al 23) compared different carbothermic reductions of hematite and magnetite powders under the condition of microwave heating and analyzed different procedures. Rashid et al 24) investigated the utilization of low grade iron ore and palm kernel shell (PKS) waste biomass as an alternative energy source in ironmaking. The results showed that iron oxide in iron ore could be fully reduced to magnetite and partially to wustite when up to 30 wt.% of PKS was present in the mixture.…”

Section: Experiments and Kinetic Modeling For Reduction Of Ferric Oximentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experiments and Kinetic Modeling for Reduction of Ferric Oxide-biochar Composite Pellets

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2017

ISIJ International

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The reduction behavior, phase transformation and microstructure evolution of four ferric oxide-biochar composite pellets (RLC-pellet, PHC-pellet, MCC-pellet and PSC-pellet) were investigated by use of nonisothermal thermogravimetric, X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The apparent kinetic parameters of reduction process were estimated by fitting the experimental data to the three parallel nth order rate models. The results showed that ferric oxide-biochar composite pellet reduction process was divided into three stages of Fe 2 O 3 →Fe 3 O 4 , Fe 3 O 4 →FeO and FeO→Fe, where the first stage was independent to the next two stages. The sequence of reduction reactivity as to all samples was MCC-pellet > PHC-pellet > PSC-pellet > RLC-pellet. Meanwhile, increasing heating rate could efficiently improve the reduction reactivity. Through kinetic analysis, it was found that three parallel nth order rate models could well represent reduction process, and activation energies of three stages calculated by the model were 204.9-405.5 kJ/mol, 259.6-643.8 kJ/mol and 291.5-685.8 kJ/mol, respectively. The marked compensation effect was also presented between the activation energy and pre-exponential factor.

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Section: Experiments and Kinetic Modeling For Reduction Of Ferric Oximentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experiments and Kinetic Modeling For Reduction Of Ferric Oximentioning

confidence: 99%

Experiments and Kinetic Modeling for Reduction of Ferric Oxide-biochar Composite Pellets

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2017

ISIJ International

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“…There are several methods which can be used in iron and steel industries to minimize CO 2 emissions. A promising solution is the use renewable energy resources, such as biomass as the reducing agent in the existing iron production process to replace fossil fuels such as coke and coal [9]. Biomass is a widely distributed, abundant, renewable, and environment friendly reducing agent that has attracted the attention of international scientific community.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct reduction of oxidized iron ore pellets using biomass syngas as the reducer

Guo

Zhu

Guo

et al. 2016

Fuel Processing Technology

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“…As biomass has superior properties, the reduction of metallic oxides was mainly performed either using biomass in their natural form or char from biomass pyrolysis. [4][5][6] One of the adverse consequences is the ash from the biomass will be retained in the iron products, which requires subsequent magnetic separation. Furthermore, the reduction process was driven by the carbon-thermic Boudouard reaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-pyrolysis of biomass tar and iron ore fines for the production of direct reduced iron

Luo

2015

Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy

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Biomass tar can be used as reducing agent for reduction of iron oxide, and simultaneously iron is a good catalyst for tar cracking. Thus, an iron ore reduction system integrated tar cracking and iron ore reduction was proposed. The influences of raw material characteristics, the equivalence ratio of tar to iron ore fines as well as reduction conditions on the reduction behaviors of iron ore fines were discussed. Also, the co-pyrolysis of mixture of tar and iron ore fines was investigated. The results show that the iron ore reduction using tar is reliable with a high tar cracking efficiency and a high reduction degree. Due to the formation of porous structures, preheated iron ore fines showed an excellent reduction behavior than those without preheating. At the initial stage, iron oxide did not exert any obvious effect on tar destruction, while as reaction temperature raised above 600 C, a noticeable decline of tar content was observed, which was attributed to the enhanced reduction consumption and catalytic decomposition by the reduced iron. Increasing the ratio of tar to iron ore was favorable for the reduction of iron oxide, while, when the ratio exceeding 0.6, the effect became less notable. The introduction of proper amount of steam can improve tar cracking and further improve iron oxide reduction. At optimum conditions (iron ore fines was first preheated at 400 C and then mixed with tar according to tar/iron ore fines 0.6, reacted at 900 C for 30 min under the steam atmosphere with the mass ratio of steam/tar 0.87), the reduced iron product with metallization rate 94.1% was achieved. V C 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.

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Reduction of low grade iron ore pellet using palm kernel shell

Cited by 97 publications

References 16 publications

Experiments and Kinetic Modeling for Reduction of Ferric Oxide-biochar Composite Pellets

Experiments and Kinetic Modeling for Reduction of Ferric Oxide-biochar Composite Pellets

Direct reduction of oxidized iron ore pellets using biomass syngas as the reducer

Co-pyrolysis of biomass tar and iron ore fines for the production of direct reduced iron

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