Reduction of CO2 Emissions and Cost Analysis of Ultra-Low Viscosity Engine Oil

Ishizaki, Keita; Nakano, Masaru

doi:10.3390/lubricants6040102

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…The advent of electric vehicles means that thermally activated lubricant additives are less effective, and it also presents new requirements for lubricants, such as extremely low viscosity at speeds higher than 20,000 rpm [1], placing greater demands on the boundary-lubrication performance upon startup. Internal combustion and hybrid vehicles will be with us for decades yet, and among the measures proposed for energy saving [2] have been self-healing ultrathin tribofilms that are active under boundary-lubrication conditions in reduced-viscosity lubricants [3]. Wind turbines have rapidly ascended in importance, but their effective lubrication, including under boundary-lubrication conditions, remains a significant challenge [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a Polymer-Brush-Based Friction Modifier for Oil

et al. 2021

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To meet the need for oil-compatible friction modifier additives that can significantly reduce energy consumption in the boundary-lubrication regime, a macromolecular design approach has been taken. The aim was to produce a lubricious polymer film on the sliding surfaces. A series of readily functionalizable block copolymers carrying an oleophilic poly(dodecyl methacrylate) block and a functionalizable poly(pentafluorophenyl methacrylate) block of various lengths was synthesized by means of reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The poly(pentafluorophenyl methacrylate) block was used to attach surface-active nitrocatechol anchoring groups to the polymer. The friction-reduction properties of these polymers were assessed with 0.5 wt% solutions in hexadecane by means of rolling-sliding macroscopic tribological tests. Block copolymers with roughly equal block lengths and moderate molecular weights were significantly more effective at friction reduction than all other architectures investigated. They also displayed lower friction coefficients than glycerol monooleate—a commercially used additive. The film-formation ability of these polymers was examined using a quartz-crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D), by monitoring their adsorption onto an iron oxide-coated QCM crystal. The polymer with highest lubrication efficiency formed a thin film of ~ 17 nm thickness on the crystal, indicating the formation of a polymer brush. Interferometric rolling-sliding experiments with the same polymer showed a separating film thickness of ~ 20 nm, which is consistent with the QCM-D value, bearing in mind the compression of the adsorbed layers on the two sliding surfaces during tribological testing. Graphical Abstract

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a Polymer-Brush-Based Friction Modifier for Oil

et al. 2021

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“…The global task of the energy efficiency and saving within the context of the machine's exploitation will require the consideration of both viscosity reduction and oil drain interval extension [5]. Minimization of the environmental pollution should also be taken into account [4].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Low-viscosity engine oils, transmission and hydraulic fluids have the potential to substantially increase the energy performance of machines and mechanisms [1][2][3][4][5]. The development of new synthetic approaches to novel types of oils and lubricants with leading characteristics is a relevant task of applied chemistry [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methylenealkane-Based Low-Viscosity Ester Oils: Synthesis and Outlook

et al. 2020

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Both Group 4 poly-α-olefin (PAO) and Group 5 ester oil basestocks are used in formulations of synthetic engine oils, transmission fluids, and lubricants with leading characteristics such as low viscosity (providing fuel saving), high stability, and environmental safety. The modern technologies of the production of PAOs use catalytic oligomerization of α-olefins, which is complicated by the formation of low-molecular-weight α-olefin dimers (methylenealkanes) as imminent side products. The use of methylenealkanes as raw materials for the synthesis of Group 5 base stocks appears to be highly promising. In the present work, we report the use of methyl 3-butylnonanoate and methyl 3-hexylundecanoate, the products of catalytic methoxycarbonylation of hex-1-ene and oct-1-ene dimers, in the synthesis of two series of branched isomeric esters. These esters demonstrated excellent rheological behavior and may be considered as low-viscosity engine oils with leading characteristics.

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“…Ishizaki and Nakano [10] have reported that, for lubricants made from mineral base oils, approximately 1 kg of CO 2 is emitted for each litre of lubricant manufactured, of which 0. comes from the additives contained within the lubricant. For the more commonly used synthetic lubricants used in most modern passenger cars, it was estimated that 1.65 kg of CO 2 was emitted per litre of lubricant manufactured (with around 0.25 kg of this figure coming from the additives).…”

Section: The Co 2 Impact Of Lubricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Closer Look at Sustainable Lubricants

Taylor

2023

Tribology Online

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Lubricants are used to reduce friction and wear in machines, saving billions of dollars worldwide in energy and breakdown costs and lowering CO 2 emissions. Today, most lubricants are made using hydrocarbons derived from crude oil, which is a finite resource, although alternative bio-based lubricants are also being investigated, as is the re-refining of used lubricants to make new base oil. The CO 2 emissions from current lubricants (due to their manufacture and waste disposal) are estimated and it is found that CO 2 emissions from the production and disposal of lubricants are very much lower than the CO 2 emissions associated with the energy used by those machines. It is also shown that an effective way to make lubricants more sustainable is to extend lubricant oil drain intervals and collect used oil and re-refine it to make base oil for re-use. The role of bio-based lubricants, and their benefits and disadvantages are discussed. Other aspects in which lubricants can be made more sustainable are also briefly covered, such as lubricant packaging, the removal of toxic additives via improved regulatory chemistry, and the use of renewable electricity in blending plants.

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Reduction of CO2 Emissions and Cost Analysis of Ultra-Low Viscosity Engine Oil

Cited by 10 publications

References 20 publications

Towards a Polymer-Brush-Based Friction Modifier for Oil

Towards a Polymer-Brush-Based Friction Modifier for Oil

Methylenealkane-Based Low-Viscosity Ester Oils: Synthesis and Outlook

A Closer Look at Sustainable Lubricants

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