Reduction of adaptation to high-energy diets using virginiamycin: protozoa and rumen degradability

Squizatti, M. M.; Rigueiro, A. L.; Soares, Carlos H. G.; Nunes, Ana Paula; Demartini, Breno L.; Felizari, Luana D.; Pinto, A. C. J.; Millen, D. D.; Chizzotti, M. L.

doi:10.3920/978-90-8686-891-9_62

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Associated with the performance assay performed by Rigueiro et al ( 9 ), Squizatti et al ( 39 ) performed a rumen metabolism assay, and the authors reported that as the adaptation length decreased for animals consuming only VM, the rumen degradability of DM, NDF and starch decreased. Associated with that, it was observed higher proportions of protozoa for animals receiving VM adapted for 6 or even 9 days, justifying the reduced rate of ruminal degradation since protozoa predate bacteria, resulting in a reduction of colonization rate of feed and, consequently, reducing DMI as shown by Rigueiro et al ( 9 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Withdrawal of sodium monensin when associated with virginiamycin during adaptation and finishing periods on feedlot performance, feeding behavior, carcass, rumen, and cecum morphometrics characteristics of Nellore cattle

et al. 2023

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Feed additives such as monensin (MON) and virginiamycin (VM) are widely used in feedlots diets to maximize rumen fermentation. However, the knowledge about the effects of MON and VM combinations in specifics feedlot periods and the benefits of this association are still unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of withdrawal of MON when associated with VM during the adaptation and finishing periods on feedlot performance of Nellore cattle. The experiment was designed as a completely randomized block replicated six times (four animals/pen) in which 120 Nellore bulls (378.4 ± 24.4 kg) were allocated in 30 pens and fed for 112 days according to the following treatments: (T1) MON during the entire feeding period; (T2) VM during the entire feeding period; (T3) MON+VM during the adaptation period and only VM during the finishing period 1 and 2; (T4) MON+VM during the entire feeding period; (T5) MON+VM during the adaptation and finishing period 1 and only VM during the finishing period 2. After 112 days on feed, no treatment effect was observed for DMI (P ≥ 0.12). However, bulls fed T5 had greater (P = 0.05) final BW and ADG when compared to T1, T2, and T4. Cattle from T3 and T5 groups presented heavier HCW (P = 0.05) than that fed T1, T2, and T4. Nellore bulls fed T1 and T5 had lower (P < 0.01) DMI variation than those receiving T2. The withdrawal of MON when associated with VM during the final third of the feedlot period improved overall final BW, ADG, and HCW when compared to bulls fed either MON or VM, but did not positively impact feedlot performance when compared to cattle that had MON withdrawn at the end of the adaptation period.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Withdrawal of sodium monensin when associated with virginiamycin during adaptation and finishing periods on feedlot performance, feeding behavior, carcass, rumen, and cecum morphometrics characteristics of Nellore cattle

et al. 2023

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“…In the tropics, feeding virginiamycin to Nellore cattle was able to increase the ruminal degradation of dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and starch compared to the use of monensin and the combination of monensin and virginiamycin. Simultaneously, virginiamycin caused a decrease in the rumen protozoa population, which may imply in a decreased predation activity (Squizatti et al, 2019a;Squizatti et al, 2019b). Moreover, studies on the inclusion of virginiamycin in grazing cattle diets indicated either an improvement in animal performance (Alves Neto et al, 2018;Costa et al, 2018) or a maintenance of performance but with improvement in feed efficiency (Maciel et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of virginiamycin and multiple supplement for cattle fed a high-quality tropical forage

et al. 2022

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding virginiamycin to either mineral mixture or multiple supplement on intake, digestion, ruminal fermentation profile, rumen microbial production, blood metabolites, and liver metabolism of zebu heifers fed a high-quality tropical forage. Eight Brahman heifers were assigned to a replicated 4 × 4 Latin Square design. The treatments were: mineral mixture, mineral mixture with virginiamycin, multiple supplement, and multiple supplement with virginiamycin. The basal diet consisted of a high-quality Tifton 85 hay (Cynodom sp.) chopped at 10-cm particle size and fed twice daily. The mineral mixture was provided daily at 120 g/animal. The multiple supplement was formulated to provide 300 g of crude protein (CP)/kg as fed, contained mineral mixture, corn grain, and urea: ammonium sulfate, and was daily provided at 200 g/animal. The mineral mixture and multiple supplement provided the same daily amount of minerals. The amount of supplemental virginiamycin was based on a maximum theoretical response on animal performance (50 mg/100 kg body weight) and daily mixed to the supplements types. The treatments were compared according to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (mineral mixture and multiple supplement, with or without virginiamycin). The virginiamycin supplementation did not alter either voluntary intake or digestibility (P≥0.44). Using the multiple supplement decreased forage (P<0.05) and digested organic matter (DOM, P<0.10) intake, but increased dietary CP : DOM ratio (P<0.01). The multiple supplement increased the ruminal ammonia concentration (P<0.04) and the acetate-to-propionate ratio (P<0.06). Virginiamycin increased urinary nitrogen (N) when provided along with multiple supplement (P<0.05). Fecal N was decreased by multiple supplement (P<0.06). Despite these effects, no effect was verified on either body N accretion (P≥0.48) or microbial N production in the rumen (P≥0.27). Virginiamycin decreased the blood IGF-1 (P<0.07). The hepatic gene expression for propionyl-CoA carboxylase was increased by virginiamycin (P<0.01). Virginiamycin increased the hepatic gene expression of both citrate synthase and pyrivate carboxylase when mineral mixture was provided (P<0.01), but decreased it when animals were fed multiple supplement (P<0.04). Using a low-intake multiple supplement with a high CP content for cattle fed high-quality forage causes a substitutive effect on forage intake, but keeps nitrogen accretion unchanged. That pattern indicates an improvement in feed efficiency. On the other hand, virginiamycin supplementation seems to cause some post-prandial influences, which may vary according to the type of supplement. Those influences apparently improve animal efficiency.

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Reduction of adaptation to high-energy diets using virginiamycin: protozoa and rumen degradability

Cited by 2 publications

References 3 publications

Withdrawal of sodium monensin when associated with virginiamycin during adaptation and finishing periods on feedlot performance, feeding behavior, carcass, rumen, and cecum morphometrics characteristics of Nellore cattle

Withdrawal of sodium monensin when associated with virginiamycin during adaptation and finishing periods on feedlot performance, feeding behavior, carcass, rumen, and cecum morphometrics characteristics of Nellore cattle

Association of virginiamycin and multiple supplement for cattle fed a high-quality tropical forage

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