Reduction in the surface energy of liquid interfaces at short length scales

Fradin, Cécile; Braslau, A.; Luzet, D.; Smilgies, Detlef‐M.; Alba, M.; Boudet, Nathalie; Mecke, Klaus; Daillant, Jean

doi:10.1038/35002533

Cited by 243 publications

(258 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Although definitive explanation may not be provided at this time, it is conceivable that such interactions could be propagated by thermal capillary waves (CW), which are powered by the thermal surroundings and span broad frequency ω CW and wavelength λ CW domains. [71][72][73][74][75][76] Recent simulations have shown that anions specifically bias surface height fluctuations several molecular diameters away by pinning thermal capillary waves. 77 The preceding dipole moments of water molecules bound to interfacial anions that, in contrast with those bound to cations, generate oscillating fields parallel to the surface might be an essential feature of the propagation mechanism.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hofmeister effects in micromolar electrolyte solutions

Enami

Mishra

Hoffmann

et al. 2012

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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Ions induce both specific (Hofmeister) and non-specific (Coulomb) effects at aqueous interfaces. More than a century after their discovery, the origin of specific ion effects (SIE) still eludes explanation because the causal electrostatic and non-electrostatic interactions are neither local nor separable. Since direct Coulomb effects essentially vanish below ∼10 μM (i.e., at >50 nm average ion separations in water), we decided to investigate whether SIE operate at, hitherto unexplored, lower concentrations. Herein, we report the detection of SIE above ∼0.1 μM in experiments where relative iodide/bromide populations, χ = I − /Br − , were determined on the surface of aqueous (NaI + NaBr) jets by online electrospray mass spectrometry in the presence of variable XCl (X = H, Na, K, Cs, NH 4 , and N(C 4 H 9 ) 4 ) and NaY (Y = OH, Cl, NO 3 , and ClO 4 ) concentrations. We found that (1) all tested electrolytes begin to affect χ below ∼1 μM and (2) I − and Br − are preferentially suppressed by co-ions closely matching their interfacial affinities. We infer that these phenomena, by falling outside the reach of even the longest ranged electrostatic interactions, are dynamical in nature.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hofmeister effects in micromolar electrolyte solutions

Enami

Mishra

Hoffmann

et al. 2012

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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“…For this analysis, wetting contact angles were assumed based on the observations of Rossi et al [219] and Kim et al [220], and continuum approximations for capillary dynamics [220], surface tension [221], and viscous drag [222] were shown to be justified. Properties were obtained as a function of nanowire diameters and number densities consistent with typical fabrication processes [223][224][225].…”

Section: Assessment and Design Of Nanostructured Wicksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Vapor Chamber Transport Characterization for High-Heat-Flux Applications

Weibel

Garimella

2013

Advances in Heat Transfer

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Owing to their high reliability, simplicity of manufacture, passive operation, and effective heat transport, flat heat pipes and vapor chambers are used extensively in the thermal management of electronic devices. The need for concurrent size, weight, and performance improvements in high-performance electronics systems, without resort to active liquid-cooling strategies, demands passive heat spreading technologies that can dissipate extremely high heat fluxes from small hot spots. In response to these daunting application-driven trends, a number of recent investigations have focused on the design, characterization, and fabrication of ultra-thin vapor chambers for proximate heat spreading away from these hot spots. The predominant transport mechanisms and operational limits have been found to be different under these conditions relative to conventional low-power heat pipes. Noteworthy advances in the fundamental understanding of evaporation and boiling from porous microstructures fed by capillary action, and improvements in vapor chamber characterization, modeling, design, and fabrication techniques are reviewed. Characterization of evaporation and boiling from idealized and realistic wick structures, observation of vapor formation regimes as a function of operating conditions, assessment of fluid dryout limitations, design of novel multi-scale and nanostructured wicks for enhanced transport, and incorporation of these high heat flux transport phenomena into device-level models are discussed. These recent developments have successfully extended the maximum operating heat flux limits of vapor chambers.2

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“…This influx then balances the gas outflux from the nanobubble, leading to bubble stability. Other explanations include possible lowering of surface tension for large curvatures on small scales [23,24], the oversaturation of liquid with gas in the vicinity of nanobubbles [15], the effect of induced charges in the Debye layer developed around the bubble interface [25], etc. A recent study by Borkent et al [8] suggests that contaminations also have a strong effect on the contact angle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of impurities in description of surface nanobubbles

Das

Snoeijer²,

Lohse³

2010

Phys. Rev. E

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Surface nanobubbles emerging at solid-liquid interfaces of submerged hydrophobic surfaces show extreme stability and very small (gas-side) contact angles. In a recent study Ducker (W. A. Ducker, Langmuir 25, 8907 (2009).) conjectured that these effects may arise from the presence of impurities at the air-water interface of the nanobubbles. In this paper we present a quantitative analysis of this hypothesis by estimating the dependence of the contact angle and the Laplace pressure on the fraction of impurity coverage at the liquid-gas interface. We first develop a general analytical framework to estimate the effect of impurities (ionic or non-ionic) in lowering the surface tension of a given air-water interface. We then employ this model to show that the (gas-side) contact angle and the Laplace pressure across the nanobubbles indeed decrease considerably with an increase in the fractional coverage of the impurities, though still not sufficiently small to account for the observed surface nanobubble stability. The proposed model also suggests the dependencies of the Laplace pressure and the contact angle on the type of impurity.3

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Reduction in the surface energy of liquid interfaces at short length scales

Cited by 243 publications

References 23 publications

Hofmeister effects in micromolar electrolyte solutions

Hofmeister effects in micromolar electrolyte solutions

Recent Advances in Vapor Chamber Transport Characterization for High-Heat-Flux Applications

Effect of impurities in description of surface nanobubbles

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