“…Ecological indicators are often used to evaluate the health of aquatic ecosystems, including species identi cation, biomass measurement, and species diversity index of phytoplankton (Feng et al, 2021;Nava & Leoni, 2021), zooplankton (Shao et al, 2019), macroinvertebrate (Hou, Kong, Li, Xi, & Yu, 2020), large aquatic plants (Lacoul & Freedman, 2006), sh (Breine et al, 2010;Martinho, Nyitrai, Crespo, & Pardal, 2015), and other organisms (Aguirre-Rubi et al, 2018;Aguirre & Lutz, 2004;Ciadamidaro, Mancini, & Rivosecchi, 2016). Among them, aquatic plants, as primary producers, are an important part of aquatic ecosystems, and their coverage (Yu, Wang, Liu, & Fan, 2018; Zeng, Wei, Yi, He, & Luo, 2022), plant proportion, and species composition (Rai & Singh, 2020; Shackleton, Shackleton, & Kull, 2019) can re ect the health of aquatic ecosystems and then judge the development trend of aquatic ecosystems.…”