Reduction in standard MAC and MAC for intubation after clonidine premedication in children

Abstract

We examined the relative effects of different doses of oral clonidine on the MAC for endotracheal intubation (MACEI) and the MAC for skin incision (MAC) in children. We studied 90 children (15 in each group) (age range 2-8 yr, weight 10-27 kg, height 89-124 cm) who received one of three preanaesthetic medications: placebo (control), oral clonidine 2 micrograms kg-1, or oral clonidine 4 micrograms kg-1 100 min before anaesthesia. Anaesthesia was induced and maintained with sevoflurane in oxygen and air without i.v. anesthetics and neuromuscular relaxants. The end-tidal sevoflurane concentration was kept constant for > or = 15 min before tracheal intubation or skin incision. MACs were determined using Dixon's 'up-and-down method'. Mean (SD) MACEIs of sevoflurane were 2.9 (0.1)%, 2.5 (0.1)% and 1.9 (0.1)% (P < 0.05), and MACs were 2.3 (0.1)%, 1.8 (0.1)% and 1.3 (0.1)% (P < 0.05), respectively, in control, clonidine 2 micrograms kg-1 and clonidine 4 micrograms kg-1 groups. The MACEIs and MACs decreased dose-dependently. The MACEI/MAC ratio (1.4) was not affected by clonidine.

Prémédication à la clonidine chez l’enfant

“…Avec le sévoflurane, en revanche, de nombreuses données sont disponibles. La MAC d'intubation trachéale sans réflexe de toux ni mouvement, lors d'une induction au sévoflurane, sans protoxyde d'azote, diminue de 35 % (2,9 vs 1,9 %) chez des enfants de deux à huit ans, comparés à un groupe recevant un placebo [5]. Pour ces mêmes enfants, la MAC standard diminue de 43 % (2,3 vs 1,3 %) après prémédication à la clonidine.…”

Evaluation of Clinical Efficacy of Clonidine as an Adjuvant to General Anaesthesia in Elective Faciomaxillary and Aesthetic Face Surgery - The Prospective Randomized Single Blind Controlled Study

“…[8], [9] They concluded that there was reduction in MAC and MAC for intubation after clonidine premedication. Bernad et al; studied about the preoperative use of oral clonidine followed by i.v.…”

Assessment of Clonidine Orally Disintegrating Tablet for Pre-anesthetic Medication in Pediatric Surgery

“…8) Assessment of Sedation Sedation for each patient was assessed using a 5-point scale (0ϭafraid, combative, and crying; 1ϭawake but not crying; 2ϭeyes closed but responds to name call; 3ϭeyes closed but respond to minor stimulation; 4ϭdose not respond to minor stimulation). 12,13) The scores were evaluated by three blinded observers 90-120 min after administration of CL-preparation, OD or lollipop. Sedation scores were categorized as satisfactory (i.e., sedation scoreϭ 2, 3, 4) and unsatisfactory (i.e., sedation scoreϭ0, 1).…”