Reducing the CO2 emissions in Croatian cement industry

Abstract

a b s t r a c tCement industry is one of the largest carbon emitting industrial sectors. It is responsible for about 5% of anthropogenic CO 2 in the world. Therefore, it is a relevant industrial sector for CO 2 emission regulation strategies. Bearing in mind the importance of cement industry in Croatia, and because of the fact that Croatia will soon become an EU member state, the present paper analyses the potential to reduce CO 2 emission in the Croatian cement industry. There are several measures that can reduce CO 2 emissions from the cement manufacturing process: the use of waste heat as an alternative source of energy; CO 2 capture and storage technologies; reduction of clinker to cement ratio; the use of alternative and biomass fuels; the use of alternative raw materials; an energy efficient combustion process. The most energy efficient technology for cement manufacturing today is the use of a rotary kiln together with a multi-stage preheater and a calciner. Since the use of cement calciners is a relatively new technology, further improvement of their operating conditions is still needed. This paper also highlights the results of research in the field of computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations that are used for the investigation of process and combustion emissions. The above mentioned measures together with numerical investigations can reduce the effect of cement manufacturing in Croatia on the environment and can make it more competitive with cement manufacturers from the EU.

Fundamentals of soil stabilization

“…Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is one of the main factors for this warming [71][72][73][74]. Cement manufacturing is a process which emits CO 2 in large amount [71,[75][76][77]. Cement industry alone produces about Fig.…”

Numerical study of co-firing pulverized coal and biomass inside a cement calciner

“…This is a result of increased environmental awareness, the effect of global warming and particularly because biomass is a unique renewable resource that directly replaces the use of fossil fuels (Vad Mathiesen et al, 2012). The cement industry is one of the largest carbon-emitting industrial sectors in the EU and in the world, accounting for approximately 4.1% of EU, and around 5% of world anthropogenic CO 2 emissions (Mikulčić et al, 2013a). In line with the EU commitment to combat climate change, the cement industry, as the third largest carbon-emitting industrial sector, needs to reduce its carbon emission significantly.…”

Reaping the carbon rent: Abatement and overallocation profits in the European cement industry, insights from an LMDI decomposition analysis

“…These data are given at the EU 28 level (whereas we focus on the EU 27 level) but the error is low since they are intensity variables, and Croatia's cement production stands for less than 2% of the EU 28 cement production (Mikulčić et al, 2013). CEF elec,t comes from Enerdata database and CEF pro from Ecofys et al (2009) (we take, unless explicitly mentioned, the measured value from the GNR database, 538 kgCO 2 /tClinker, rather than the default factor of 523 kgCO 2 /tClinker derived from IPCC methodology used in the EU ETS).…”