Reducing latency times by accelerated routing mechanisms for an FPGA gateway in the automotive domain

VEGa: A High Performance Vehicular Ethernet Gateway on Hybrid FPGA

“…13 shows worst case VEGa latency compared with existing work in the literature, in the absence of cross traffic. As observed, our architecture outperforms gateway structures based on software-based approaches (Lim et al [23] {simulation results}, Kim et al [20], Yang et al [18], and Müller et al [22]) and FPGA-based gateways for traditional networks (Sander et al [5]). The proposed architecture also provides over 300× lower latency (priority mode, 8-byte message) than automotive-grade microcontroller-based gateways between traditional networks (LIN, CAN, and Atacama [7] Inter-domain Priority [23] Inter-domain Priority [20] FlexRay-CAN [18] Time-triggered [22] Latency (µs) Fig.…”

“…Automotive gateways on FPGAs have been proposed in the literature [1], [5], providing deterministic message routing between traditional automotive networks like LIN, CAN, and FlexRay. In [1], a multi-FPGA architecture is used with a Xilinx Virtex-4 host platform that performs the switching and a Altera Stratix-3E daughter card implementing the interface protocols (CAN, LIN and FlexRay).…”

“…However, no experimental results like end-to-end latency or implementation results like resource utilisation are presented in the work for comparison with our approach. In [5], the authors present a modular gateway architecture with dedicated routing modules that allows accelerated switching between different interfaces. Their results show that custom architectures can provide deterministic routing between the different CAN networks even at high network utilisation.…”

“…Researchers have explored FPGAbased gateways for legacy automotive networks, utilising software-based routing on soft processors [1] and with dedicated routing hardware [5]. Extending these architectures for Ethernet backbone networks is impractical since they are optimised for low-bandwidth legacy networks like CAN and FlexRay which have very different properties compared to standard Ethernet (priority-driven and time-triggered v/s best-effort).…”

Gateway Framework for In-Vehicle Networks Based on CAN, FlexRay, and Ethernet

“…The mean and maximum routing delays for safety-relevant messages between CAN and FlexRay were measured using a data logging system in [17]. Accelerated routing mechanism using a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), to reduce the latency for a gateway was proposed in [18]. A fault-tolerant gateway using dual MCUs was proposed in [19].…”