Reducing Dry Period Length to Simplify Feeding Transition Cows: Milk Production, Energy Balance, and Metabolic Profiles

Rastani, R.R.; Grummer, R. H.; Bertics, S.J.; Gümen, Ahmet; Wiltbank, Milo C.; Mashek, Douglas G.; Schwab, Michael

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(05)72768-5

Cited by 195 publications

(382 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…Eckles and Palmer (1916) concluded that heat-coagulable protein content of colostrum is reduced remarkably as DPL was reduced (n 5 4). Negative impacts of CM on IgG and protein content of colostrum have been reported in the literature (Brandon and Lascelles, 1975;Remond et al, 1997b;Rastani et al, 2005). Guy et al (1994) demonstrated that prepartum milking of udder halves resulted in less concentration of IgG 1 in secretions of milked glands than in dry glands from 10 days prepartum to 1 day postpartum.…”

Section: Altered Dry Periodsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…In two studies by our laboratory, no change in lactose concentration of milk was detected during late gestation . Postpartum lactose percentage was unchanged (Andersen et al, 2005;Annen et al, 2007 and or decreased (Remond et al, 1992 and1997a;Rastani et al, 2005) following CM or SDP. Alterations in milk ions (K 1 , Na 1 and Cl 2 ) occur in late gestation when cows are milked throughout the lactation.…”

Section: Impact On Milk Yieldmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…It is thought that the lack of a secretion-accumulation period is the reason for reduced quality of colostrum in CM cows. Shortening the DPL has no impact on colostrogenesis, in terms of changes in cellular and fluid composition (Annen et al, 2004a;Rastani et al, 2005;Watters et al, 2008). In another study, it was shown that cows with 1 to 10 days dry period produced lower concentration of Igs in colostrum than cows with 8 weeks dry period (Remond et al, 1997a).…”

Section: Altered Dry Periodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of continuous lactation and short dry periods on mammary function and animal health

Collier

Annen-Dawson

Pezeshki

2012

Animal

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The dry period is required to facilitate cell turnover in the bovine mammary gland in order to optimize milk yield in the next lactation. Traditionally, an 8-week dry period has been a standard management practice for dairy cows based on retrospective analyses of milk yields following various dry period lengths. However, as milk production per cow has increased, transitioning cows from the nonlactating state to peak milk yield has grown more problematic. This has prompted new studies on dry period requirements for dairy cows. These studies indicate a clear parity effect on dry period requirement. First parity animals require a 60-day dry period, whereas lactations following later parities demonstrate no negative impact with 30-day dry period or even eliminating the dry period when somatotropin (ST) is also used to maintain milk yields. Shortened dry periods in first parity animals were associated with reduced mammary cell turnover during the dry period and early lactation and increased numbers of senescent cells and reduced functionality of lactating alveolar mammary cells postpartum. Use of ST and increased milking frequency postpartum reduced the impact of shortened dry periods. The majority of new intramammary infections occur during the dry period and persist into the following lactation. There is therefore the possibility of altering mastitis incidence by modifying or eliminating the dry period in older parity animals. As the composition of mammary secretions including immunoglobulins may be reduced when the dry period is reduced or eliminated, there is the possibility that the immune status of cows during the peripartum period is influenced by the length of the dry period.

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Section: Altered Dry Periodsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Impact On Milk Yieldmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Altered Dry Periodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of continuous lactation and short dry periods on mammary function and animal health

Collier

Annen-Dawson

Pezeshki

2012

Animal

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“…Thus the 16% of respondents that provide a short non-lactating period may have compromised colostrum quality (Rastani et al, 2005), and less time to increase cow BCS reserves. Extra-large farms were less likely to use a target BCS, possibly due to the increased time resources required to individually assess each cow.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Questionnaire identifying management practices surrounding calving on spring-calving dairy farms and their associations with herd size and herd expansion

Cummins

Berry

Sayers

et al. 2016

Animal

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Healthy calves are fundamental to any profitable dairy enterprise. Research to-date, has focused on year-round calving systems which experience many different challenges compared to spring-calving systems. The objective of the present study was to determine the on-farm dry cow, calving, and colostrum management practices of spring-calving dairy production systems, and quantify their associations with herd size and herd expansion status (i.e. expanding or not expanding). Information on these management practices was available from a survey of 262 Irish spring-calving dairy farmers, representative of the Irish national population. Herd expansion in the 2 years before, and the year that the survey was conducted was not associated with any of the management practices investigated. Fifty-three percent of respondents had an average calving season length of 10 to14 weeks with 35% of herds having a longer calving season. Previous research in cattle has documented that both colostrum source and feeding management are associated with the transmission of infectious disease from cow to calf. In the present study 60% of respondents fed calves colostrum from their own dam; however, 66% of those respondents allowed the calf to suckle the dam, 23% of survey respondents fed calves pooled colostrum. Larger herds were more likely ( P < 0.01) to use pooled colostrum supplies, while smaller herds were more likely ( P < 0.05) to allow the calf to suckle the dam. The majority (86%) of respondents had stored supplies of colostrum; average-sized herds had the greatest likelihood of storing colostrum ( P < 0.05), compared to other herd sizes; larger sized herds had a lesser likelihood ( P < 0.05) of storing colostrum in a freezer, compared to other herd sizes. Although freezing colostrum was the most common method used to store colostrum (54% of respondents), 17% of respondents stored colostrum at room temperature, 29% of which stored it at room temperature for greater than 4 days. The results from the present study indicate that a particular focus needs to be placed on calving and colostrum management because this study has highlighted a number of areas which are below international standards, and may have repercussions for calf health. Furthermore, management practices on larger farms could be improved and, as these represent the future of dairy farming, a focus needs to be placed on them. Expanding herds are not a particular concern as herd expansion, independent of herd size, does not seem to be associated with calving and colostrum management practices on Irish spring-calving dairy herds.Keywords: dry period, calving, colostrum, calves, dairy ImplicationsThe results from the present study provide information on dry-cow, calving and colostrum management practices used in spring-calving systems. It highlights the management areas that are similar to and the areas that are different from yearround calving systems. Practices such as grouped calving pens and short term colostrum storage are more common in springcalving systems due to a l...

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“…Concerning the BHBA, NEFA, calcium, IGF-1 blood concentration and the changes of the back fat thickness, a clear interference of the milking regimen could be shown. An improvement of the metabolic condition is also assessed in other studies (Rastani et al, 2005;Schlamberger et al, 2010). Andersen et al (2005) proves in his trial by milking 14 HolsteinFriesian cows continuously that those cows show considerably lower BHBA and NEFA blood concentrations than the 14 cows of the test group with a 7-week drying-off period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of continuous milking during a field trial on productivity, milk protein yield and health in dairy cows

Köpf

Gellrich

Küchenhoff

et al. 2014

animal

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The objective of this field study with an automatic milking system was to evaluate the effects of omitting the dry period on health and productivity during the subsequent lactation in dairy cows. A total of 98 German Simmental cows of six Southern German farms were assigned randomly to two experimental groups: The first group was dried-off 56 days before calving (D for dried-off, n = 49), and the second group was milked continuously during this period until calving (CM for continuous milking, n = 49). From the latter a third group emerged, including cows that dried-off themselves spontaneously (DS for dried-off spontaneously, n = 14). Blood serum values of glucose, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and IGF-1 showed most pronounced fluctuations in D cows. Over the entire study period, the concentrations of BHBA and NEFA were markedly lower in the CM and DS groups. Furthermore, IGF-1 concentration was lowest for D cows and also decrease in back fat thickness was more pronounced. Mean concentration of milk protein was markedly higher in CM and DS cows (3.70% and 3.71%) compared with D cows (3.38%). Owing to the lower 305-day milk yield (−15.6%) and the lower total milk yield (−3.1%), the total amount of produced protein in the subsequent lactation was 2.5% (6.8 kg) lower, although the additional protein amount in CM cows from week −8 to calving was 35.7 kg. The greatest benefit resulted from positive effects on fertility and the lower incidence of diseases: CM cows had their first oestrus 1 week earlier compared with D cows, they also conceived earlier and showed a significantly lower risk of developing hypocalcaemia, ketosis and puerperal disorders. The present study showed that the costs of medical treatment and milk losses were twice as high in D cows, compared with CM and DS cows, and thus the reduced costs because of the more stable health outweighed the financial losses of milk yield by + 18.49 € per cow and lactation.

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Reducing Dry Period Length to Simplify Feeding Transition Cows: Milk Production, Energy Balance, and Metabolic Profiles

Cited by 195 publications

References 37 publications

Effects of continuous lactation and short dry periods on mammary function and animal health

Effects of continuous lactation and short dry periods on mammary function and animal health

Questionnaire identifying management practices surrounding calving on spring-calving dairy farms and their associations with herd size and herd expansion

Effects of continuous milking during a field trial on productivity, milk protein yield and health in dairy cows

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