Authentication of vegan and vegetarian foods is important
since
these increasingly popular food items could be adulterated with cheap
meat to increase profit margins. In this study, nine marker peptides
for the detection of meat (several species) were identified applying
liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS).
These marker peptides enable the crucial differentiation of beef versus
milk and chicken meat versus egg, demonstrated by the investigation
of 19 commercial vegetarian meat substitutes containing milk and egg.
Extensive experimental testing proved the presence of the cross-species
meat marker peptides in 19 food-relevant types of mammals and poultry
as well as their absence in more than 136 plant-based ingredients
for the production of vegan and vegetarian foods. An authentic vegan
sausage matrix based on an actual retail product was produced and
spiked with 5.0%, w/w meat to confirm the high signal intensities
and the heat stability of the marker peptides.