Reducing cardiovascular disease risk among families with familial hypercholesterolaemia by improving diet and physical activity: a randomised controlled feasibility trial

Kinnear, Fiona J.; Lithander, Fiona E; Searle, Aidan; Bayly, Graham; Wei, Christina; Stensel, David J.; Thackray, Alice E.; Hunt, Linda; Shield, Julian P H

doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044200

Cited by 8 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(62 reference statements)

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“…Increased levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides are factors in the formation of atherosclerotic lesions in the coronary, cerebral and peripheral vessels. Their concentrations in blood serum are determined heredity, but a significant role in lowering the levels is attributed to lifestyle elements (environmental factors), such as a proper diet and systematic physical activity [ 34 , 35 ]. Scientific reports confirm the beneficial effect of physical activity on the lipid profile, although it concerns longer observations, e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor cycling training in rehabilitation of patients after myocardial infarction

Gloc

Nowak

Nowak-Lis

et al. 2021

BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil

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Background Standard endurance training used from the second stage of cardiac rehabilitation has many common features with indoor cycling training which is used in fitness clubs. In the study, an attempt was made to evaluate the usefulness of this form of training in a 24-day rehabilitation program for patients after myocardial infarction. The study examined a group of 64 patients (51.34 ± 8.02 years) who were divided into two groups: the IC group (32 patients aged 53.40 ± 4.31 years) with indoor cycling training instead of standard endurance training; and the ST group (32 patients aged 55.31 ± 6.45 years) performing standard training. The level of exercise tolerance (cardiopulmonary exercise testing on a treadmill—Bruce’s protocol), hemodynamic indicators of the left ventricle (echocardiography) and blood lipid profile (laboratory test) were assessed. Results In the IC group there was a significant increase in the test duration (9.21 ± 2.02 vs 11.24 ± 1.26 min; p < 0.001), the MET value (9.16 ± 1.30 vs 10.73 ± 1.23; p = 0.006) and VO2max (37.27 ± 3.23 vs 39.10 ± 3.17 ml/kg/min; p < 0.001). Parallel changes were observed in the ST group, where the following parameters improved: the test duration (9.41 ± 0.39 vs 10.91 ± 2.22; p < 0.001), MET value (8.65 ± 0.25 vs 9.86 ± 1.12; p = 0.002) and VO2max (36.89 ± 6.22 vs 38.76 ± 3.44; p < 0.001). No statistically significant changes were found in the hemodynamic indices of the left ventricle and the lipid profile. Also, the intergroup analysis did not show any statistical significance. Conclusion Based on the research results, it was found that indoor cycling training in the second phase of cardiac rehabilitation is a safe form of therapy and therefore may be an interesting alternative method to the classic bicycle ergometer exercise in the stage of early cardiac rehabilitation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor cycling training in rehabilitation of patients after myocardial infarction

Gloc

Nowak

Nowak-Lis

et al. 2021

BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil

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“…Two reviewers evaluated 7058 abstracts and 272 full-text articles for KQ eligibility (Figure 2). Overall, 43 studies (65 publications) met inclusion criteria for this systematic review . Thirteen of these studies evaluated the benefits of supplement interventions and 10 reported on the harms of supplement interventions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One very small, fair-quality behavioral counseling trial in an FH population (n = 21) tested a low-intensity diet and exercise counseling intervention of a single in-person 60-minute individual session with a dietitian and 4 follow-up sessions via email or telephone over a 12-week period . The trial reported no statistically significant improvement in lipid levels (MD in LDL-C, −13.9 mg/dL [95% CI, −32.0 mg/dL to 4.2 mg/dL]) (eFigure 7 in the Supplement), overlapping confidence intervals for physical activity outcomes, and mixed results for dietary outcomes (eTable 7 in the Supplement).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Screening for Lipid Disorders in Children and Adolescents

Evans

Coppola

Redmond

et al. 2023

JAMA

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ImportanceLipid screening in childhood and adolescence can lead to early dyslipidemia diagnosis. The long-term benefits of lipid screening and subsequent treatment in this population are uncertain.ObjectiveTo review benefits and harms of screening and treatment of pediatric dyslipidemia due to familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) and multifactorial dyslipidemia.Data SourcesMEDLINE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials through May 16, 2022; literature surveillance through March 24, 2023.Study SelectionEnglish-language randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of lipid screening; recent, large US cohort studies reporting diagnostic yield or screen positivity; and RCTs of lipid-lowering interventions.Data Extraction and SynthesisSingle extraction, verified by a second reviewer. Quantitative synthesis using random-effects meta-analysis.Main Outcomes and MeasuresHealth outcomes, diagnostic yield, intermediate outcomes, behavioral outcomes, and harms.ResultsForty-three studies were included (n = 491 516). No RCTs directly addressed screening effectiveness and harms. Three US studies (n = 395 465) reported prevalence of phenotypically defined FH of 0.2% to 0.4% (1:250 to 1:500). Five studies (n = 142 257) reported multifactorial dyslipidemia prevalence; the prevalence of elevated total cholesterol level (≥200 mg/dL) was 7.1% to 9.4% and of any lipid abnormality was 19.2%. Ten RCTs in children and adolescents with FH (n = 1230) demonstrated that statins were associated with an 81- to 82-mg/dL greater mean reduction in levels of total cholesterol and LDL-C compared with placebo at up to 2 years. Nonstatin-drug trials showed statistically significant lowering of lipid levels in FH populations, but few studies were available for any single drug. Observational studies suggest that statin treatment for FH starting in childhood or adolescence reduces long-term cardiovascular disease risk. Two multifactorial dyslipidemia behavioral counseling trials (n = 934) demonstrated 3- to 6-mg/dL greater reductions in total cholesterol levels compared with the control group, but findings did not persist at longest follow-up. Harms reported in the short-term drug trials were similar in the intervention and control groups.Conclusions and RelevanceNo direct evidence on the benefits or harms of pediatric lipid screening was identified. While multifactorial dyslipidemia is common, no evidence was found that treatment is effective for this condition. In contrast, FH is relatively rare; evidence shows that statins reduce lipid levels in children with FH, and observational studies suggest that such treatment has long-term benefit for this condition.

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“…Increased levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides are factors in the formation of atherosclerotic lesions in the coronary, cerebral, and peripheral vessels. Their concentrations in blood serum are determined hereditarily, but a significant role in lowering the levels is attributed to lifestyle elements (environmental factors), such as a proper diet and systematic physical activity [ 42 , 43 ]. Scientific reports confirm the beneficial effect of physical activity on the lipid profile, although it concerns longer observations, e.g., 6 months [ 44 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Vibration Training in Men after Myocardial Infarction

Nowak-Lis

Nowak

Gabryś

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of the applied whole-body vibration training (WBV) as additional training to standard rehabilitation programme on exercise tolerance, evaluated through an exercise test, blood lipid profile, and the changes in selected echocardiographic parameters of patients after myocardial infarction. The study involved 63 males. The subjects were divided into two groups: standard—ST (27) and with vibration training—ST + WBV (36). All the subjects had undergone angioplasty with stent implantation. The standard and with vibration training group carried out a 24-day improvement program comprising 22 training units. Each session consisted of endurance, general stamina, and resistance training. Instead of resistance training, the experimental group performed exercises on the vibration platform. Statistically significant changes in both groups were observed in the parameters of the echocardiographic exercise test, such as test duration (p < 0.001), distance covered (p < 0.001), MET (p < 0.001), VO2max (p < 0.001), and HRrest (p < 0.01). The echocardiographic test revealed significant improvement of Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction in both groups (ST + WBV group p = 0.024, ST group p = 0.005). There were no statistically significant changes in blood lipid profile and body mass and composition.

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Reducing cardiovascular disease risk among families with familial hypercholesterolaemia by improving diet and physical activity: a randomised controlled feasibility trial

Cited by 8 publications

References 47 publications

Indoor cycling training in rehabilitation of patients after myocardial infarction

Indoor cycling training in rehabilitation of patients after myocardial infarction

Screening for Lipid Disorders in Children and Adolescents

The Use of Vibration Training in Men after Myocardial Infarction

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