Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.

IMPORTANCEObesity is common in children and adolescents in the United States, is associated with negative health effects, and increases the likelihood of obesity in adulthood.OBJECTIVE To systematically review the benefits and harms of screening and treatment for obesity and overweight in children and adolescents to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force.

Gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum (GON) is a neonatal conjunctival infection transmitted intrapartum from mothers infected with Neisseria gonorrhoeae to their newborns. Although GON is rare in the United States, with 0.4 cases or fewer per 100 000 live births per year during 2013-2017, 1 prevention remains important because of high risk of corneal perforation and blindness, which can develop within 24 hours after delivery. 2 Preventive strategies for GON include screening for and treatment of gonorrhea in pregnant women and ocular prophylaxis in newborns, which is mandated in most states. Since 1996, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) has maintained an "A" recommendation for prophylactic ocular topical medication for all newborns for the prevention of GON, based on good evidence that blindness due to GON has become rare in the United States since the implementation of universal preventive medication of infants. This brief evidence update was used by the USPSTF to update its 2011 "A" recommendation. 3 Methods | Because ocular prophylaxis for GON represents a long-established standard of practice, the USPSTF commissioned a targeted review using a reaffirmation updating process to identify "new and substantial evidence sufficient enough to change the prior recommendation." 4 As such, only the interval evidence since the previous systematic review was evaluated. An analytic framework and 2 key questions guided the evidence update (Figure). Detailed methods, including the search strategy, inclusion and exclusion criteria, criteria for critical appraisal, and a list of excluded studies, are available in the full evidence report at http://www. uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org /Page/Document/ UpdateSummaryFinal/ocular-prophylaxis-for-gonococcalophthalmia-neonatorum-preventive-medication1. Results | PubMed and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from January 1, 2008, to January 16, 2018. Two reviewers independently reviewed 282 unique citations and 6 full-text articles. No new publications meeting eligibility criteria were identified.

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.