Reduced β-catenin and peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor–γ expression levels are associated with colorectal cancer metastatic progression: correlation with tumor-associated macrophages, cyclooxygenase 2, and patient outcome

Pancione, Massimo; Forte, Nicola; Sabatino, Lina; Tomaselli, Eugenio; Parente, Domenico; Febbraro, Antonio; Colantuoni, Vittorio

doi:10.1016/j.humpath.2008.08.019

Cited by 55 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…By secreting chemokines (e.g CCL17, CCL18 and CCL22) TAM recruit naïve and Th2 lymphocytes, ineffective in mounting a protective anti-tumor immune response progression has been extensively demonstrated [136,137]. Pancione et al [138] reported that reduction or loss of β-catenin and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) expression was strongly correlated with massive TAM infiltration, increased COX-2 and tumor aggressiveness. Bollrath et al also suggested that STAT3 may enhance nuclear localization of β-catenin, and it would be of interest to further investigate the crosstalk between the Wnt/β-catenin and the IL-6/gp130/STAT3 pathway [81].…”

Section: Tam In Colorectal Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor-associated Macrophages (TAM) and Inflammation in Colorectal Cancer

Erreni

Mantovani

Allavena

2010

Cancer Microenvironment

279

253

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Experimental and epidemiological studies indicate a strong link between chronic inflammation and tumor progression. Human colorectal cancer (CRC), a major cause of cancer-related death in Western countries, represents a paradigm for this link. Key features of cancer-related inflammation in CRC are the activation of transcription factors (e.g. NF-κB, STAT3), the expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (e.g. TNFα, IL-6, CCL2, CXCL8) as well as a prominent leukocyte infiltrate. While considerable evidence indicates that the presence of lymphocytes of adaptive immunity may positively influence patient survival and clinical outcome in CRC, the role of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) and of other lymphoid populations (e.g. Th17, Treg) is still unclear. In this review we will summarize the different and controversial effects that TAM play in CRC-related inflammation and progression of disease. The characterization of the most relevant inflammatory pathways in CRC is instrumental for the identification of new target molecules that could lead to improved diagnosis and treatment.

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Section: Tam In Colorectal Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor-associated Macrophages (TAM) and Inflammation in Colorectal Cancer

Erreni

Mantovani

Allavena

2010

Cancer Microenvironment

279

253

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“…In contrast, intratumoral TAMs count has been correlated with depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, and staging of CRC, suggesting that intratumoral macrophages cause cancer cells to have a more aggressive behavior [24,25].…”

Section: Tumor Associated Macrophagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune Cells in Colorectal Cancer: Prognostic Relevance and Role of MSI

Deschoolmeester

Baay

Lardon

et al. 2011

Cancer Microenvironment

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There is growing evidence that both local and systemic inflammatory responses play an important role in the progression of a variety of solid tumors. Colorectal cancer (CRC) results from the cumulative effect of sequential genetic alterations, leading to the expression of tumor-associated antigens possibly inducing a cellular antitumor immune response. It is well recognized that cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTLs) constitute one of the most important effector mechanisms of anti-tumor-immunity. However, their potential prognostic influence in CRC remains controversial. In addition, other key players like natural killer cells, tumor associated macrophages and regulatory T cells play an important role in the immune attack against CRC and need further investigation. This review will mainly focus on the role of the adaptive immune system in CRC and particularly in regard to microsatellite instability.

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“…The two scores were combined to obtain the final one: negative (0-2), weakly positive (3)(4)(5), or strongly positive (6)(7). For statistical analysis, positive cases included both weakly and strongly positive [11,12].…”

Section: Slide Evaluation Of Immunohistochemical Stainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Expression of Prohibitin and its Relationship with Poor Prognosis in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Ren

Wang

et al. 2010

Pathol. Oncol. Res.

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Prohibitin, a potential tumor suppressor, has been shown to be an anti- proliferative protein, a regulator of cell-cycle progression and in apoptosis. Recently, it was found to be over-expressed in breast cancer and gastric cancer, and it has been suggested as a biomarker in those diseases. To clarify the role and the prognostic significance of prohibitin expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), we analyzed the expression in ESCC and their corresponding nonneoplastic epithelia tissues by immunohistochemistry(IHC), Western blotting and real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(QRT-PCR).The relationship between prohibitin expression and clinicopathological variables was examined by statistical analysis. The findings suggested the up-regulation of prohibitin play an important role in the carcinogenesis of ESCC. The over-expression of prihibitin was significantly correlated with the depth of tumor, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, lymphatic invasion and vascular invasion of ESCC. These results suggested that prohibitin(+), lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis could be the independent risk factors for worse prognosis in ESCC patients.

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Reduced β-catenin and peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor–γ expression levels are associated with colorectal cancer metastatic progression: correlation with tumor-associated macrophages, cyclooxygenase 2, and patient outcome

Cited by 55 publications

References 35 publications

Tumor-associated Macrophages (TAM) and Inflammation in Colorectal Cancer

Tumor-associated Macrophages (TAM) and Inflammation in Colorectal Cancer

Immune Cells in Colorectal Cancer: Prognostic Relevance and Role of MSI

Increased Expression of Prohibitin and its Relationship with Poor Prognosis in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

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