Reduced tooth size in 45,X (Turner syndrome) females

Townsend, Grant; Jensen, Bo Boye Busk; Alvesalo, Lassi

doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330650405

Cited by 49 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…Disruptions in these genes result in enamel mineralization pathologies such as amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) (110). Abnormalities in actual enamel thickness are associated with variations in the number of sex chromosomes (111)(112)(113)(114)(115). However, many versions of AI show inheritance patterns consistent with the localization of major loci on autosomes (116)(117)(118)(119)(120) and nonpathological primate enamel thickness variation is not sexually dimorphic (44,115,121).…”

Section: An Integrative Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating the genotype and phenotype in hominid paleontology

Hlusko

2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Competing interpretations of human origins and evolution have recently proliferated despite the accelerated pace of fossil discovery. These controversies parallel those involving other vertebrate families and result from the difficulty of studying evolution among closely related species. Recent advances in developmental and quantitative genetics show that some conventions routinely used by hominid and other mammalian paleontologists are unwarranted. These same advances provide ways to integrate knowledge of the genotype into the study of the phenotype. The result is an approach that promises to yield a fuller understanding of evolution below the family level.

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Section: An Integrative Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating the genotype and phenotype in hominid paleontology

Hlusko

2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…The studies on normal males and females (Garn andRohman 1962, Alvesalo 1971), and on individuals with different kinds of sexchromosome abnormalities (Filipson, Lindsten and Almquist 1965, Alvesalo, Osborne and Kari 1975, Alvesalo and Karl 1977, Alvesalo and de la Chapelle 1979, Alvesalo and Portin 1980, Alvesalo and Varrela 1980, Karl, Alvesalo and Manninen 1980, Alvesalo and de la ChapeUe 1981, Alvesalo and Tammisalo 1981, Townsend, Jensen and Alvesalo 1984, Townsend and Alvesalo 1985, have suggested the presence of genetic factors in the X and Y chromosomes which influence tooth-crown growth and development. With regard to the way these factors exert their influence, the results of the report on enamel thickness in teeth of 45,X females (Alvesalo and Tammisalo 1981) suggested that within the Y chromosome there are at least two factors which influence growth: the first influences amelogenesis one way or another, the other may exert its effect by promoting cell proliferation during odontogenesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Enamel thickness in 47, XYY males' permanent teeth

Alvesalo

Tammisalo

Hakola

1985

Annals of Human Biology

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Enamel thickness of the maxillary permanent central incisors and canines in 14 47,XYY males, their male and female relatives and population-control males and females were determined from radiographs. The results indicated, although not fully unambiguously, that the thickness of enamel and that of 'dentin' (distance between mesial and distal dentino-enamel junctions) are increased in the teeth of 47,XYY males compared with normal controls. Earlier results have indicated a direct growth-promoting effect of the Y chromosome on tooth growth by influencing both enamel formation and, possibly through cell proliferations, growth of dentin. The present results can be considered additional evidence for the presence of the factors within the Y chromosome controlling different growth processes. Tooth size measurements in two males with deletions of the parts of the y chromosome suggested that there may be a specific growth-promoting gene(s) in the non-fluorescent part of the long arm. It is suggested that the way of influence of the Y chromosome on the amelogenesis is regulatory, and that the difference in tooth size between males and females is explained by a differential growth-promoting effect of the Y chromosome compared to the X chromosome.

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“…Measurements of tooth crown size obtained from dental models have shown that the teeth of 47,XYY males and 47,XXY males are generally larger than those of normal males, while 45,X and 45,X/46,XX females have smaller teeth than do normal females (Filipsson et al, 1965;Alvesalo et at., 1975; Alvesalo and Kari, 1977;Alvesalo and Portin, 1980;Kari et al, 1980;Townsend et al, 1984;Alvesalo, 1985;Townsend and Alvesalo, 1985a, b;Townsend et al, 1988;Varrela et al, 1988). Females with complete testicular-feminizing syndrome (46,XY females) have teeth with sizes similar to those of normal males (Alvesalo and Varrela, 1980).…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

Upper Central Incisor and Canine Tooth Crown Size in 47,XXY Males

1991

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Enamel and dentin thicknesses were measured in permanent tooth crowns of 47,XXY (Klinefelter syndrome) males. In 47,XXY males, enamel thickness in maxillary central incisors was significantly greater than that in control males or females, and dentin thickness in incisors and canines was significantly greater than that in control females, but smaller than that in normal males. These findings confirm the concept that human dental growth is affected by sex chromosomes. Amelogenesis is promoted by both X and Y chromosome genes, and sexual dimorphism in average tooth size is evidently determined by a promoting effect of the Y chromosome on dentin growth, probably through cell proliferation. This effect can also explain sex predilection for males in the numbers of supernumerary and ordinary teeth.

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Reduced tooth size in 45,X (Turner syndrome) females

Cited by 49 publications

References 11 publications

Integrating the genotype and phenotype in hominid paleontology

Integrating the genotype and phenotype in hominid paleontology

Enamel thickness in 47, XYY males' permanent teeth

Upper Central Incisor and Canine Tooth Crown Size in 47,XXY Males

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