Upper Central Incisor and Canine Tooth Crown Size in 47,XXY Males

Alvesalo, Lassi; Tammisalo, E; Townsend, Grant

doi:10.1177/00220345910700070801

Cited by 75 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Results from studies on individuals with chromosomal aneuploides shed some light on the role of sex-linked genes in regulating the overall relative contribution of these two dental hard tissues to overall tooth size (e.g., Alvesalo and Tammisalo, 1981;Alvesalo, 1985;Alvesalo et al, 1985Alvesalo et al, , 1987Alvesalo et al, , 1991. The amelogenin (an enamel protein) gene lies on the X chromosome, and individuals with X chromosome aneuploides (e.g., the sequence 46,XX to 47,XXX) possess proportionately thicker enamel with no changes in the amount of dentine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual dimorphism in modern human permanent teeth

Schwartz

Dean

2005

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

165

163

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On average, males possess larger tooth crowns than females in contemporary human populations, although the degree of dimorphism varies within different populations. In previous studies, different amounts of either enamel or dentine were implicated as the cause of this dimorphism. In this study, we attempt to determine the nature of sexual dimorphism in the crowns of permanent modern human teeth and to determine if two contrasting tooth types (permanent third molars and canines) show identical patterns of dimorphism in enamel and dentine distribution. We estimated the relative contributions of both enamel and dentine to total crown size, from buccolingual sections of teeth. Our sample consisted of a total of 144 mandibular permanent third molars and 25 permanent mandibular canines of known sex. We show that sexual dimorphism is likely due, in part, to the presence of relatively more dentine in the crowns of male teeth. However, whatever the underlying cause, dimorphism in both tooth root and tooth crown size should produce measurable dimorphism in tooth weight, though this has not been previously explored. Therefore, we provide some preliminary data that indicate the usefulness of wet tooth weight as a measure of sexual dimorphism. Both male permanent third molars and canines are significantly heavier than those of females. The weight dimorphism reported here for both classes of teeth may prove a useful finding for future forensic studies. In particular, weights of canines may be more useful as a means of sexing modern human skeletal material than linear or area measurements of teeth.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual dimorphism in modern human permanent teeth

Schwartz

Dean

2005

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

165

163

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“…(1976). However, the finding is consistent with studies of individuals with chromosomal abnormalities <e.g., Alvesalo et at., 1991), implying that human sex chromosomes influence the thickness of dental aowns, and also with recent molecular genetic investigations (Lau et at., 1989;Nakahori et at, 1991;Salido et at., 1992) showing that genes on the human sex chromosomes influence enamel formation. It has been hypothesized further that sequence differences between the genes on X and Y chromosomes contnbute to the observed sexual dimorphism in tooth size (Lau et at, 1990;Fmcham et at, 1991).…”

Section: Multivariate Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Covariance Structure of Incisor Crown Size in Twins

et al. 1995

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Abstract. Previous studies of tooth size in twins and their families have suggested a high degree of genetic control, although there have been difficulties separating the various genetic and environmental effects. A genetic analysis of variation in crown size of the permanent incisors of South Australian twins was carried out, with structural equation modeling used to determine the relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors. Maximum mesiodistal crown dimensions of maxillary and mandibular permanent incisors were recorded from dental models of 298 pairs of twins, including 149 monozygous (MZ) and 149 dizygous (DZ) pairs. The analysis revealed that: (i) an adequate fit required additive genetic and unique environmental components; (ii) augmenting the model with non-additive genetic variation did not lead to a Significant improvement in fit; (iii) there was evidence of shared environmental influences in the upper central incisors of males; (iv) the additive genetic component constituted a general factor loading on all eight teeth, with group factors loading on antimeric pairs of teeth; (v) unique environmental effects were mostly variable-specific; (vi) most factor loadings on antimeric tooth pairs could be constrained to be equal, indicating a symmetry of genetic and environmental influences between left and right sides; and (vii) estimated heritability of the incisor mesiodistal dimensions varied from 0.81 to 0.91.

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“…Yet the female mice, like female children with Turner syndrome who lack BGN [Heegard et al, 1997] and may fail to express another factor that controls BGN expression, showed greater differences in tooth volume than male mice. In that respect, it is interesting to note that human males with Klinefelter syndrome (XXY), who may express extra BGN, have larger permanent tooth crowns than normal males and females [Alvesalo et al, 1991]. There are no consistent reports of sexual dimorphism in crown size in humans and primates, although several studies have addressed this question [Dempsey et al, 1999;Koppe and Swindler, 2004;Anderson, 2005;Harris and Lease, 2005].…”

Section: Sex-dependent Differences In Wt and Bgn-defi Cient Teethmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in Mineral Properties in Normal and Mutant Bones and Teeth

Boskey

Young

Kilts

et al. 2005

Cells Tissues Organs

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Hydroxyapatite mineral is deposited in an organized fashion in the matrices of bones and teeth. The amount of mineral present, the composition of the mineral, and the size of the mineral crystals varies with both tissue and animal age, diet, health status, and the tissue being examined. Here, we review methods for measuring these differences in mineral properties and provide some illustrations from bones and teeth of animals in which the small leucine-rich proteoglycans (biglycan and decorin) were ablated. Differences in mineral properties between biglycan-deficient bones and teeth are related to the functions of this small proteoglycan in these tissues.

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Upper Central Incisor and Canine Tooth Crown Size in 47,XXY Males

Cited by 75 publications

References 20 publications

Sexual dimorphism in modern human permanent teeth

Sexual dimorphism in modern human permanent teeth

Genetic Covariance Structure of Incisor Crown Size in Twins

Variation in Mineral Properties in Normal and Mutant Bones and Teeth

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