Reduced serum non-enzymatic antioxidant defense and increased lipid peroxidation in schizophrenic patients on a hypocaloric diet

A specific, accurate, and sensitive measure of total plasma malondialdehyde by HPLC

“…Historically, the TBARS test has been assayed by ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometry or fl uorescence assays, but the specifi city of the TBA test, enabling the selective determination of MDA, may be achieved via chromatographic separation of the pink TBA 2 -MDA adduct ( 12 ). The adoption of HPLC techniques improves assay specifi city and the sensitivity of MDA determination, and we have previously confi rmed the validity of quantifying the TBA 2 -MDA adduct as a specifi c measure of lipid peroxidation in human biological fl uids ( 13 ).Despite the widely acknowledged limitations of the TBARS test ( 14 ), and in particular its lack of specifi city, it continues to be reported as a true measure of MDA in clinical disease ( 1,15,16 ). It is proposed that the poor assay specifi city associated with TBARS assays may lead to an overestimation of the levels of MDA in human plasma and other biological tissues and fl uids, and this, in turn, may Abstract Malondialdehyde (MDA) is one of the most commonly reported biomarkers of lipid peroxidation in clinical studies.…”

“…Despite the widely acknowledged limitations of the TBARS test ( 14 ), and in particular its lack of specifi city, it continues to be reported as a true measure of MDA in clinical disease ( 1,15,16 ). It is proposed that the poor assay specifi city associated with TBARS assays may lead to an overestimation of the levels of MDA in human plasma and other biological tissues and fl uids, and this, in turn, may Abstract Malondialdehyde (MDA) is one of the most commonly reported biomarkers of lipid peroxidation in clinical studies.…”

An Overview of the Potential Role of Nutrition in Mental Disorders in the Light of Advances in Nutripsychiatry

“… Jacka et al [ 115 ] 67 individuals with moderate or severe depression • Intervention group ( n = 33): “ModiMedDiet” (11 food groups) in line with nutritional recommendations for depression prevention for 12 weeks + 7 support sessions, each lasting approximately 60 minutes, focusing on nutrition counseling support, motivational interviewing, goal setting, and mindful eating • Control group ( n = 34): Support from trained staff on social issues such as sports, news or music for 12 weeks It was determined that there was a significantly greater improvement in depression scores in the diet intervention group compared to the control group ( p < 0.001). Zortea et al [ 116 ] 96 outpatient schizophrenia patients • Intervention group ( n = 42): A hypocaloric diet program (low-fat diet containing 20-25 kcal/kg/day) for 6 months • Control group ( n = 54): A regular diet program without energy restrictions It has been reported that individuals following a hypocaloric diet had lower serum total radical scavenging antioxidant levels ( p = 0.022), which may indicate reduced oxidative stres. Vaghef-Mehrabani et al [ 120 ] 45 women with obesity and major depressive disorder • 10 g inulin or maltodextrin supplement per day for 8 weeks + an energy-restricted diet • Anthropometric measurements, dietary intakes, depression and levels of zonulin, lipopolysaccharide, inflammatory biomarkers (TNF-α, IL-10, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, toll-like receptor-4 and C-reactive protein) and BDNF Body weight ( p = 0.333) and depression scores ( p = 0.500) decreased, but the changes were not statistically significant.…”

“…At the end of the six-month period, it was observed that individuals on the hypocaloric diet had lower levels of serum total radical scavenging antioxidants, which was suggested to reflect reduced oxidative stress. However, even though the total radical scavenging antioxidant level decreased in the hypocaloric diet group, there was no significant difference in total antioxidant reactivity levels, indicating that the quality of antioxidants remained unchanged [ 116 ]. On the other hand, supplements that strengthen the intestinal microbiome and therefore have a positive effect on brain functions have become the subject of research.…”