Reduced risk of colorectal cancer and regular consumption of apples: Hospital based case-control study in Poland

Abstract

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Experimental studies in animals and epidemiological evidence supporting the health benefits from apples encouraged the authors to assess the potential protective impact of apples on the risk of colorectal cancer in the course of the hospital based case-control study. A total of 186 incident cases of colorectal cancer — for which the information on histology, anatomic location, and stage of cancer were available — have been enrolled to the study. The comparison group included 211 controls chosen from the patients of the same hospital with no history of cancer and admitted for treatment of non-neoplastic conditions. Interviews of both cases and controls were conducted in hospital settings by trained interviewers. The results showed that the risk of colorectal cancer inversely correlated with daily number of apple servings, but the significant reduction of OR estimates were observed for an intake of one or more apple servings daily (OR = 0.37, 95%CI: 0.15 − 0.91). The risk of colorectal cancer was estimated from the multivariate logistic model including a set of potential confounding variables, such as, demographic characteristics of subjects (age, gender, place of residency, marital status and occupational activity), total energy intake (in tertiles) and intake of vegetables (number of servings per day). No fruits except for apples were significantly associated with the reduced risk of colorectal cancer. The reduction of colorectal risk associated with apple consumption may result from their rich content of flavonoid and other polyphenols, which can inhibit cancer onset and cell proliferation.</jats:p>

Low-grade dietary-related inflammation and survival after colorectal cancer surgery

“…N404 034039). The study design has been described elsewhere (Galas et al 2013 ; Jedrychowski et al 2009 ). In brief, participants were newly diagnosed incident cases of sporadic adenocarcinoma of either colon or rectum.…”

Functional properties of newly bred Picnic apple (Malus pumilaMill.)

“…식물 화 학연구의 결과에 따르면 사과는 다당류, 식물성 스테롤, 페놀, 단백질, 비타민 뿐만 아니라 인간이 필요로 하는 필수 미량원 소들을 포함하고 있으며, 특히 사과껍질은 과육에 비해 2-9배로 높은 폴리페놀 함량을 나타낸다고 보고되었다 [2][3][4]. 폴리페놀은 사과의 주요한 항산화 물질이며 [5,6], 항염증효과, 항종양효과 등 을 나타내어 인간의 건강에 유익한 효과가 있음이 입증된 물질 이다 [7,8].…”

Optimisation of ultrasonic‐assisted extraction of polyphenols from apple peel employing cellulase enzymolysis

“…Shaanxi is one of the main production areas; a vast planting area, high annual production and the export of apple concentrated juice lead the nation. Polyphenols are important components of apple because of their antioxidation (Biedrzycka & Amarowicz, ; He & Liu, ; Rupasinghe et al ., ), antiviral (Chanwitheesuk et al ., ), antigenic (Sul et al ., ), antimicrobial (Jung et al ., ), (Weichselbaum et al ., ) and anticancer properties and is also used in the treatment for cardiovascular diseases (Jedrychowski et al ., ; Shao et al ., ). Different tissue types have different compositions of polyphenols, and the peel comprises only a small percentage of the entire fruit weight.…”