Reduced Leukocyte Adhesiveness in Response to Viral versus Nonviral Infection/Inflammation

Abstract

The results of this study could explain, at least in part, the differential adhesive behavior of the WBC in the peripheral blood in the two populations.

Reduced Acute Phase Response to Differentiate Between Viral and Bacterial Infections in Children

“…This was not seen in viral ones [7]. This di¡erential behavior has been also noted in the peripheral blood of both children [8] and adults [17].We have presently raised the possibility that the reduced leukocyte adhesiveness = aggregation is part of a more generalized reduced acute phase response in children with acute viral infection. Therefore, we extended our investigation and included the aggregability of red blood cells in addition to that of the white blood cell ones.…”

Reduced Acute Phase Response to Differentiate Between Viral and Bacterial Infections in Children

“…This was not seen in viral ones [7]. This di¡erential behavior has been also noted in the peripheral blood of both children [8] and adults [17].We have presently raised the possibility that the reduced leukocyte adhesiveness = aggregation is part of a more generalized reduced acute phase response in children with acute viral infection. Therefore, we extended our investigation and included the aggregability of red blood cells in addition to that of the white blood cell ones.…”

Capillary and Venous Leukocyte Adhesiveness/Aggregation to Differentiate between Viral and Bacterial Infection

“…Also noteworthy is that the size distribution of clusters revealed that there are larger aggregates in the bacterial group compared to the viral and control groups, and this applied both for capillary and venous blood.The image analyzer is a simple, cheap and rapid tool to screen for the presence of relatively large leukocyte aggregates suggestive for the presence of a bacterial infection [43]. Based on the previous observations [14,26,[39][40][41][42], we do suggest that the determination of the size distribution of aggregated leukocytes be taken into consideration during the workup of a patient with an acute febrile condition and when the differentiation between viral and bacterial infection is relevant. Thus, in addition to a higher WBC and adhesiveness/aggregation, elevated ESR and CRP concentrations, patients with acute bacterial infections present larger leukocyte aggregates than those observed in patients with acute viral infections in both venous and capillary blood.…”

“…Thus, one can assume that the higher aggregation rate in capillary blood might represent the entrapment of activated WBC in the capillaries. It has previously been shown that bacterial infections tend to increase the adhesive properties of WBC, while this does not occur in viral ones [26,[40][41][42]. We presently assessed the diagnostic power of LAAT in capillary and in venous blood as a potential marker of bacterial infection.…”