Reduced graphene oxide/polyaniline conductive anion exchange membranes in capacitive deionisation process

Zhang, Yiming; Zou, Linda; Wimalasiri, Yasodinee; Lee, Juyoung; Chun, Youngpil

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2015.09.128

Cited by 41 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Notable improvements in IEC and ionic conductivity were observed for poly(vinylidene fluoride)/ polyaniline (PVDF/PANI)-based AEMs upon incorporation with rGO. 108 One research work established sulfonated rGO (S-rGO) to be more potent than plain rGO in boosting the properties of IEMs. 109 Particularly, the S-rGO-incorporated IEMs displayed superior ionic conductivity and mechanical strength.…”

Section: Carbon Nanotubes (Cnts)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of nanomaterials-assisted ion exchange membranes for electromembrane desalination

et al. 2018

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In order to address the increasing demand for fresh water due to accelerated social and economic growth in the world, water treatment technologies, such as desalination, have been rapidly developed in attempts to safeguard water security. Electromembrane desalination processes, such as electrodialysis and membrane capacitive deionization, belong to a category of desalination technologies, which involve the removal of ions from ionic solutions with the use of electrically charged membranes termed ion exchange membranes. The challenges associated with ion exchange membranes have drawn the attention of many researchers, who have investigated various approaches to enhance their properties. The incorporation of nanomaterials is one of the popular approaches employed. Much research on nanomaterials incorporated ion exchange membranes was conducted for the purpose of fuel cell applications rather than electromembrane desalination. This review reports on the advances in nanomaterials incorporated ion exchange membranes applicable to desalination. The nanomaterials employed in ion exchange membranes fabrication include carbon nanotubes, graphene-based nanomaterials, silica, titanium (IV) oxide, aluminum oxide, zeolite, iron (II, III) oxide, zinc oxide, and silver. The aims of this article are to provide a snap shot of the current status of nanomaterials incorporation in ion exchange membranes, to assess the status of nanomaterials-facilitated ion exchange membranes research for electromembrane desalination, and to stimulate progress in this area.

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Section: Carbon Nanotubes (Cnts)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of nanomaterials-assisted ion exchange membranes for electromembrane desalination

et al. 2018

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“…However, these nanocomposite membranes relied on the use of expensive reduced graphene oxide nanofiller material. 22 In this study, asymmetric MCDI with an AEM over the anode was studied. This allowed us to quantify the degree of improvement, due to the AEMs, on the performance relative to CDI, without the contribution of a CEM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymmetric Membrane Capacitive Deionization Using Anion-Exchange Membranes Based on Quaternized Polymer Blends

McNair

Cseri

Székely

et al. 2020

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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Membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) for water desalination is an innovative technique that could help to solve the global water scarcity problem. However, the development of the MCDI field is hindered by the limited choice of ion-exchange membranes. Desalination by MCDI removes the salt (solute) from the water (solvent); this can drastically reduce energy consumption compared to traditional desalination practices such as distillation. Herein, we outline the fabrication and characterization of quaternized anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) based on polymer blends of polyethylenimine (PEI) and polybenzimidazole (PBI) that provides an efficient membrane for MCDI. Flat sheet polymer membranes were prepared by solution casting, heat treatment, and phase inversion, followed by modification to impart anion-exchange character. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to characterize the morphology and chemical composition of the membranes. The as-prepared membranes displayed high ion-exchange capacity (IEC), hydrophilicity, permselectivity and low area resistance. Due to the addition of PEI, the high density of quaternary ammonium groups increased the IEC and permselectivity of the membranes, while reducing the area resistance relative to pristine PBI AEMs. Our PEI/PBI membranes were successfully employed in asymmetric MCDI for brackish water desalination and exhibited an increase in both salt adsorption capacity (>3×) and charge efficiency (>2×) relative to membrane-free CDI. The use of quaternized polymer blend membranes could help to achieve greater realization of industrial scale MCDI.

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“…Time line displaying selected key developments and advances of ion-exchange materials for MCDI. ,,,− …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion-Exchange Materials for Membrane Capacitive Deionization

2020

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The scarcity of clean water is a problem affecting large parts of the world. In fact, the World Health Organization/ UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (2019) estimates that up to 2.2 billion people lack access to safely managed drinking water services. To address this, desalination techniques such as reverse osmosis, flash distillation, and electrodialysis have been utilized to convert the plentiful amounts of salt water into consumable water supplies for the general population. In the past 15 years, membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) has emerged as an alternative desalination technique that has since received extensive research attention. MCDI has sought to challenge benchmark methods such as reverse osmosis, removing salt by application of a voltage between two electrodes covered with ion-exchange membranes, all under ambient conditions. The incorporation of ion-exchange materials over electrodes in MCDI has been shown to maximize the desalination performance in terms of salt removal and energy efficiency. This review provides a comprehensive assessment of the developments relating to ion-exchange materials in MCDI. The fabrication and characterization methods of the materials have been outlined and compared with those of commercially available ion-exchange membranes where possible. A critical comparison of the ion-exchange materials has been conducted, and the commercial viability of the technologies has been evaluated. In light of the findings of the review, the authors have indicated future directions and action points the field should look to address in the coming years. It is hoped that the findings of this review can contribute to the largescale commercialization and application of MCDI, which can improve aspects of water treatment and quality, contaminant removal, and sanitation on a global scale.

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Reduced graphene oxide/polyaniline conductive anion exchange membranes in capacitive deionisation process

Cited by 41 publications

References 36 publications

Review of nanomaterials-assisted ion exchange membranes for electromembrane desalination

Review of nanomaterials-assisted ion exchange membranes for electromembrane desalination

Asymmetric Membrane Capacitive Deionization Using Anion-Exchange Membranes Based on Quaternized Polymer Blends

Ion-Exchange Materials for Membrane Capacitive Deionization

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