Reduced graphene oxide–based field effect transistors for the detection of E7 protein of human papillomavirus in saliva

Abstract

Several challenging biological sensing concepts have been realized using electrolyte-gated reduced graphene oxide field effect transistors (rGO-FETs). In this work, we demonstrate the interest of rGO-FET for the sensing of human papillomavirus (HPV), one of the most common sexually transmitted viruses and a necessary factor for cervical carcinogenesis. The highly sensitive and selective detection of the HPV-16 E7 protein relies on the attractive semiconducting characteristics of pyrene-modified rGO functionalized with RNA aptamer Sc5-c3. The aptamer-functionalized rGO-FET allows for monitoring the aptamer-HPV-16 E7 protein binding in real time with a detection limit of about 100 pg mL −1 (1.75 nM) for HPV-16 E7 from five blank noise signals (95% confidence level). The feasibility of this method for clinical application in point-of-care technology is evaluated using HPV-16 E7 protein suspended in saliva and demonstrates the successful fabrication of a promising field effect transistor biosensor for HPV diagnosis.

Graphene-based field-effect transistor biosensors for the rapid detection and analysis of viruses: A perspective in view of COVID-19

“…Aspermair et al. [70] fabricated aptamer-functionalized rGO-FET for the detection of human papillomavirus in saliva and the fabricated device could detect the virus with a detection limit of 1.75 nM. Hummers method along with photolithography and reduction process was employed by Liu et al.…”

“… [69] Papillomavirus rGO 1.75 nM Aspermair et al. [70] Rotavirus rGO 100 pfu Liu et al. [71] Rotavirus rGO NA* Pant et al.…”

Recent Advances of Field-Effect Transistor Technology for Infectious Diseases

“…The surface of the sensor was characterized by rGO, pyrene and RNA aptamers to spot viral proteins in saliva samples. They successfully detected as low as 1.75 nM of the target molecules, which indicated the competency of the device in real-time detection of viral infections [ 109 ].…”

“…The pyrene molecules acted as linkers for the successful immobilization of RNA aptamers on the surface of the sensor. This real-time detection was able to sense down to 1.75 nM of HPV-16 E7 [ 109 ]. Another aptamer-functionalized Chem/BioFET was constructed to identify Plasmodium falciparum glutamate dehydrogenase in serum specimens.…”

“On the Detection of cTnI - A Comparison of Surface-Plasmon Optical -, Electrochemical -, and Electronic Sensing Concepts”

“…Graphene transfer characteristics were recorded after each modification step using a Keithley 2400 source-meter with custom-made LabVIEW software. All measurements were performed using a MicruX flow cell made of PMMA with fixed flow channel geometry (16 μl), ensuring a defined flow rate of 50 µl min -1 to minimize mass transport limitation of the analyte to the sensor surface in all experiments [26]. Electrical measurements were performed by applying a 50 mV source−drain bias V DS and sweeping the gate potential V GS while monitoring the current between the drain and the source I DS .…”