Reduced fronto-striatal volume in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in two cohorts across the lifespan

Cupertino, Renata B.; Soheili-Nezhad, Sourena; Grevet, Eugênio H.; Bandeira, Cibele Edom; Picon, Felipe Almeida; Tavares, Maria Eduarda de Araujo; Naaijen, Jilly; Rooij, Daan van; Akkermans, Sophie E.A.; Vitola, Eduardo S.; Zwiers, Marcel P.; Rovaris, Diego Luiz; Hoekstra, Pieter J.; Breda, Vitor; Oosterlaan, Jaap; Hartman, Catharina A.; Beckmann, Christian F.; Buitelaar, Jan K.; Franke, Barbara; Bau, Claiton Henrique Dotto; Sprooten, Emma

doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102403

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Hence, a more detailed investigations of thalamic involvement in the pathophysiology of ADHD should take into account and specific analysis of such diverse nuclei (Battistella et al, 2017), so far still absent in the ADHD literature. Arguably, currently the most convincing effects with regard to thalamus role in ADHD, are found in the context of connectivity studies, pointing to the importance of fronto‐striatal circuits and their disruption in association to the symptomatology (Cupertino et al, 2019). Here, we corroborated these findings by embracing a different approach: we investigated the association between thalamocortical diffusivity and clinically assessed symptoms on the basis of individual differences in FA values.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dorsal‐to‐ventral imbalance in the superior longitudinal fasciculus mediates methylphenidate’s effect on beta oscillations in ADHD

et al. 2022

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While pharmacological treatment with methylphenidate (MPH) is a first line intervention for ADHD, its mechanisms of action have yet to be elucidated. We here seek to identify the white matter tracts that mediate MPH's effect on beta oscillations. We implemented a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover design, where boys diagnosed with ADHD underwent behavioral and MEG measurements during a spatial attention task while on and off MPH. The results were compared with an age/IQ-matched control group. Estimates of white matter tracts were obtained using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Via a stepwise model selection strategy, we identified the fiber tracts (regressors) significantly predicting values of the dependent variables of interest (i.e., oscillatory power, behavioral performance, and clinical symptoms): the anterior thalamic radiation (ATR), the superior longitudinal fasciculus ("parietal endings") (SLFp), and superior longitudinal fasciculus ("temporal endings") (SLFt). ADHD symptoms severity was associated with lower fractional anisotropy (FA) within the ATR. In addition, individuals with relatively higher FA in SLFp compared to SLFt, led to stronger behavioral effects of MPH in the form of faster and more accurate responses.Furthermore, the same parietotemporal FA gradient explained the effects of MPH on beta modulation: subjects with ADHD exhibiting higher FA in SLFp compared to SLFt also displayed greater effects of MPH on beta power during response preparation. Our data suggest that the behavioral deficits and aberrant oscillatory modulations observed in ADHD depend on a possibly detrimental structural connectivity imbalance within the SLF, caused by a diffusivity gradient in favor of parietal rather than temporal, fiber tracts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dorsal‐to‐ventral imbalance in the superior longitudinal fasciculus mediates methylphenidate’s effect on beta oscillations in ADHD

et al. 2022

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“…But given that a previous study from our group using the same cohort found a positive impact of playing video games on intelligence 4 , it is unlikely that the striatal effect in this study might link to any negative cognitive effect. However, there is an association between smaller striatal volume and attention de cit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescence 32,33 . Therefore, the present nding is a potentially serious observation that needs to be closely followed with longer periods of follow-up and associations to cognitive function and behavioural symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Long-Term Impact of Digital Media on Brain Development in Children

Nivins

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Liebherr

et al. 2022

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Digital media takes an increasingly large part of children’s time, however, the long-term effect on brain development is unclear. Here, we investigated the individual effects of digital media use (watching television and videos, using social media, or playing video games, respectively), while controlling for genetic predisposition and socioeconomic status. We included 4502 children with two MR-scans, aged 9–11 years at baseline, from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study. Children, on average, spent 2.2h/day watching videos, 1.2h/day using social media, and 1.2h/day playing video games during these two years. At the two-year follow-up MR-scan, digital media use had no effect on the change in the cortical surface or volume of the cerebellum. However, girls, but not boys, who spent more time playing video games showed a smaller change in the volumes of the striatum (β = -0.07 (-0.11 – -0.02); P = 0.03), and there was a significant interaction effect of sex and playing video games (P < 0.001). Overall, our findings suggest that digital media usage, particularly playing video games, does not affect cortical brain development but has a weak effect on the development of the striatum in a sex-specific manner in children aged 9–11 years. More studies, with longer follow-ups and studies of other age groups, are warranted.

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“…But given that a previous study from our group using the same cohort found a positive impact of playing video games on intelligence 4 , it is unlikely that the striatal effect in this study might link to any negative cognitive effect. However, there is an association between smaller striatal volume and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescence 32, 33 . Therefore, the present finding is a potentially serious observation that needs to be closely followed with longer periods of follow-up and associations to cognitive function and behavioural symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Impact of Digital Media on Brain Development in Children

Nivins

Sauce

Liebherr

et al. 2022

Preprint

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ImportanceDigital media takes an increasingly large part of children’s time, but the effect on brain development is unclear.ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of digital media (watching television and videos, using social media, or playing video games respectively) on the development of the cortex, striatum, and cerebellum over two years.Design, setting, and participantsA prospective, multicenter, longitudinal study of children from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study, recruited between 2016-2018. Children underwent magnetic resonance imaging scan at two different time points and completed the Youth Screen Time Survey at first timepoint, answering questions about digital media use. The analysis controlled for differences in socioeconomic status (SES) and polygenic scores for educational attainment.ExposureDigital media use.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome measure was the changes in the global cortical surface area.Results6492 children (age in months, mean [SD] = 118.6 [7.2], i.e., 9.9 years were included at the baseline. Of these, 4502 children (age in months = 142.6 [7.6], i.e., 11.9 years were included at the two years follow-up. The average time spent by children on screen time was 2.2h/day for watching television and videos, 0.4h/day for using social media, and 0.9h/day for playing video games.Over the two-year observation period, the average cortical surface area increased by approximately 2%, reflecting normal cortical development. The amount of time spent playing video games was weakly but positively correlated to change in global cortical surface area (standardised beta, β = 0.03; 95% CI [0.001 – 0.06]; P=.06). No global or regional effect on brain development was observed for a time watching television and videos or using social media. However, the regional analysis showed that playing video games was associated with a larger increase in the volume of the cerebellum (β = 0.01 [0.001 – 0.02]; P=.02).Conclusions and RelevanceThis study does not suggest that digital media use in children harms brain development in mid-childhood and within a window of two years, but a longer follow-up is necessary.Key pointsQuestionDoes the use of digital media affect brain development in children aged 9-10 years of age?FindingsIn this two-year longitudinal study of 4502 children, we found no effect of playing video games, watching television, or using social media on the development of cortical surface area. playing video games was associated with a larger increase in the volume of cerebellum.MeaningThis study does not indicate that the use of digital media harms brain development.

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Reduced fronto-striatal volume in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in two cohorts across the lifespan

Abstract: Highlights Reduced volume in frontal lobes, striatum, and their interconnecting white matter in ADHD. Cross-cultural and age-independent validity of the study including two independent cohorts. Data driven approach using ICA of whole-brain morphometry images.

Cited by 15 publications

References 59 publications

Dorsal‐to‐ventral imbalance in the superior longitudinal fasciculus mediates methylphenidate’s effect on beta oscillations in ADHD

Dorsal‐to‐ventral imbalance in the superior longitudinal fasciculus mediates methylphenidate’s effect on beta oscillations in ADHD

The Long-Term Impact of Digital Media on Brain Development in Children

Long-Term Impact of Digital Media on Brain Development in Children

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