Reduced-Bit, Full Search Block-Matching Algorithms and Their Hardware Realizations

Reduced bit low power VLSI architectures for motion estimation

“…Keeping this in view, a criterion [21][22][23] for conditionally using the correction term λ(m, n) for converting the RBSAD <7:4> to full resolution SAD is given below: if (RBSAD <7:4> <= T ) then…”

“…In addition, the value of RBSAD <7:4> in (3) may be corrected to (1) by adding the term λ(m, n) [21][22][23] given by…”

“…Work in [26][27][28] showed the use of adaptive quantization in the MPEG-2 encoder, for low power and compensating for the quality loss due to 4-bit/pixel on the average. In [21][22][23], we presented FSME algorithms based on low resolution pixels along with a novel correction recovery mechanism based on spatial and temporal correlations among the pixels that have the benefits of high speed, low power and low area for VLSI architectures while the quality is kept at the same level. In [7][8][9][10], we considered benefits of data level parallelism and multiprocessing in reducing the computational complexity of ME process and proposed optimized architectures with respect to area, speed and power.…”

“…In the current work, we present power efficient parallel and pipelined VLSI architectures of these reduced resolution ME algorithms [21][22][23] which have low power, low area, high throughput and efficient implementation due to the regular data flow of these algorithms. These architectures act as loosely coupled coprocessors for the main RISC processor (serial) [3].…”

“…The memory will be smaller as well as the input/output (I/O) memory bandwidth [3,[11][12][13][21][22][23][24][25]. A drawback [21][22][23] of this method which was pointed out previously is that the reduced dynamic range, from 8-bit numbers to 4-bit numbers, will generate poorer peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) values especially for sequences with high spatial and temporal correlations (e.g. newscaster kind of sequences) through an increased error metric and consequently will require a greater bit rate.…”