Redox Systems in <i>Botrytis cinerea</i>: Impact on Development and Virulence

Viefhues, Anne; Heller, Jens; Temme, Nora; Tudzynski, Paul

doi:10.1094/mpmi-01-14-0012-r

Cited by 59 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…As ROS are constantly formed as by-products of metabolic processes, missing or reduced detoxification due to the lack of bcskn7 could result in an accumulation of ROS. A coherence between ROS overproduction and sensitivity to external ROS could also be observed for other knockout mutants involved in the oxidative stress response, such as deletion of the thioredoxin reductase bctrr1 (55).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

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Unraveling the Function of the Response Regulator BcSkn7 in the Stress Signaling Network of Botrytis cinerea

et al. 2015

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Important for the lifestyle and survival of every organism is the ability to respond to changing environmental conditions. The necrotrophic plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea triggers an oxidative burst in the course of plant infection and therefore needs efficient signal transduction to cope with this stress. The factors involved in this process and their precise roles are still not well known. Here, we show that the transcription factor Bap1 and the response regulator (RR) B. cinerea Skn7 (BcSkn7) are two key players in the oxidative stress response (OSR) of B. cinerea; both have a major influence on the regulation of classical OSR genes. A yeast-one-hybrid (Y1H) approach proved direct binding to the promoters of gsh1 and grx1 by Bap1 and of glr1 by BcSkn7. While the function of Bap1 is restricted to the regulation of oxidative stress, analyses of ⌬bcskn7 mutants revealed functions beyond the OSR. Involvement of BcSkn7 in development and virulence could be demonstrated, indicated by reduced vegetative growth, impaired formation of reproductive structures, and reduced infection cushion-mediated penetration of the host by the mutants. Furthermore, ⌬bcskn7 mutants were highly sensitive to oxidative, osmotic, and cell wall stress. Analyses of ⌬bap1 bcskn7 double mutants indicated that loss of BcSkn7 uncovers an underlying phenotype of Bap1. In contrast to Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the ortholog of the glutathione peroxidase Gpx3p is not required for nuclear translocation of Bap1. The presented results contribute to the understanding of the OSR in B. cinerea and prove that it differs substantially from that of yeast, demonstrating the complexity and versatility of components involved in signaling pathways.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…S2C). For other mutants it could be shown that reduced growth on oxidative stress medium is accompanied by enhanced production of ROS (55). Accordingly, the mutants were tested for ROS secretion.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling the Function of the Response Regulator BcSkn7 in the Stress Signaling Network of Botrytis cinerea

et al. 2015

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“…Interestingly, SOD is required for host infection by B. cinerea, although this could be due to roles either in ROS neutralization or H 2 O 2 production (Rolke et al, 2004). Moreover, Viefhues et al (2014) showed that the thioredoxin, but not the glutathione system, is essential for survival of B. cinerea in its host. Trx1 and Trr1 were required for infection without affecting the cytosolic glutathione pool.…”

Section: Necrotrophsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Trx1 and Trr1 were required for infection without affecting the cytosolic glutathione pool. Conversely, the absence of glutathione reductase-responsible for recycling oxidized glutathione back to its reduces form-did not have a major effect on B. cinerea development or pathogenicity, placing it in a minor role compared to the thioredoxins and raising the question of how infection strategy affects the expression of particular antioxidation pathways (Marschall and Tudzynski, 2016d;Viefhues et al, 2014). Even within a single fungal-host system, it is difficult to form a clear understanding of the mechanisms employed by the fungus.…”

Section: Necrotrophsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive oxygen species metabolism and plant-fungal interactions

Segal

Wilson

2018

Fungal Genetics and Biology

156

103

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Fungal interactions with plants can involve specific morphogenetic developments to access host cells, the suppression of plant defenses, and the establishment of a feeding lifestyle that nourishes the colonizer oftenbut not always-at the expense of the host. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism is central to the infection process, and the stage-specific production and/or neutralization of ROS is critical to the success of the colonization process. ROS metabolism during infection is dynamicsometimes seemingly contradictory-and involves endogenous and exogenous sources. Yet, intriguingly, molecular decision-making involved in the spatio-temporal control of ROS metabolism is largely unknown. When also considering that ROS demands are similar between pathogenic and beneficial fungal-plant interactions despite the different outcomes, the intention of our review is to synthesize what is known about ROS metabolism and highlight knowledge gaps that could be hindering the discovery of novel means to mediate beneficial plant-microbe interactions at the expense of harmful plant-microbe interactions.

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“…The effect of Bcglr1 deletion was more pronounced. It could be shown that infection development on primary leaves of Phaseolous vulgaris was retarded for ∆ Bcglr1 (Viefhues et al 2014 ). This defect could be attributed to delayed conidia germination, as infections with mycelium spread in a WT manner.…”

Section: The Glutathione Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive Oxygen Species in the Botrytis – Host Interaction

Siegmund

Viefhues

2015

Botrytis – The Fungus, the Pathogen and Its Management in Agricultural Systems

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are unavoidable byproducts of several metabolic processes. Due to their high reactivity they can cause molecular damages such as protein oxidations or DNA mutations, but they also serve as important signalling molecules within cells. Intracellular ROS primarily originate in the mitochondria; however enzymatic ROS generating systems such as the membrane associated NADPH oxidase complex (Nox) contribute to their production. In particular, during host-pathogen interactions ROS are of key importance for plant defence but also for fungal attack. As an early response to pathogen infestation the plant releases high amounts of reactive oxygen species to counteract the pathogen, known as the oxidative burst. It was shown that Botrytis exploits this plant defence reaction and even contributes to this oxidative burst by forming its' own ROS. Thus, the fungus needs a robust oxidative stress responsive (OSR) system to cope with ROS. In order to balance the intracellular redox state, effective antioxidant systems, including the thioredoxin and the glutathione system, are indispensable. Furthermore, catalases, superoxide dismutases and several peroxidases support ROS scavenging by enzymatic inactivation. Transcription factors such as the Botrytis activator protein (Bap1) and the response regulator Skn7 were shown to be involved in OSR. In this chapter we discuss the role of ROS in Botrytis -host interaction and both ROS generating and detoxifying systems and their importance for Botrytis pathogenicity. Keywords ROS • NADPH oxidases • Thioredoxin • Glutathione • Oxidative stress Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated in all aerobic environments and play a major role for all organisms dependent on oxygen. The oxygen in our atmosphere facilitated the evolution of multi-cellular organisms, but is also the source for several

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Redox Systems in Botrytis cinerea: Impact on Development and Virulence

Cited by 59 publications

References 71 publications

Unraveling the Function of the Response Regulator BcSkn7 in the Stress Signaling Network of Botrytis cinerea

Unraveling the Function of the Response Regulator BcSkn7 in the Stress Signaling Network of Botrytis cinerea

Reactive oxygen species metabolism and plant-fungal interactions

Reactive Oxygen Species in the Botrytis – Host Interaction

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